~Z10 - Posterior Abdominal Wall

Front 1

retroperitoneal vs intraperitoneal?

kidneys

Back 1

retroperitoneal

Front 2

vertebral/costal location of R vs. L kidney (which one is higher)

Back 2

L= higher
L= T12 - L2, at rib 11
R= L1 - L3, at rib 12 (due to R lobe of liver)

Front 3

name and describe the 3 facial/adipose layers that surround the kidney

Back 3

1) PERiRENAL fat- iNSIDE renal fascia, surround the kidney
2) renal fascia- encloses the kidneys, suprarenal glands, and perirenal fat
3) perArenal fat- Away from the kidney, external to renal fascia

Front 4

surface structures of kidneys:

_______ is the fibrous covering of the kidney

Back 4

renal capsule

Front 5

surface structures of kidneys:

_______ is the slit-like indention that serves as an exit/entrance point for the renal a, renal v, and ureter

Back 5

renal hilum

Front 6

surface structures of kidneys:

_______ is the most anterior structure at the hilum

Back 6

the renal vein

Front 7

surface structures of kidneys:

______ is between the most anterior and posterior structures entering/exiting the hilum

Back 7

the renal a.

Front 8

surface structures of kidneys:

_______ is the most posterior structure of the hilum

Back 8

ureter

Front 9

internal structures of the kidneys:

____ is between the renal capsule and renal medulla

Back 9

renal cortex

Front 10

internal structures of the kidneys:

_______ contains the renal pyramids

Back 10

renal medulla

Front 11

internal structures of the kidneys:

_______ contain collecting tubules

Back 11

renal pyramids

Front 12

internal structures of the kidneys:

_______ the cortical tissue between the pyramids

Back 12

renal columns

Front 13

internal structures of the kidneys:

________ apex of the renal pyramids

Back 13

renal papilla

Front 14

internal structures of the kidneys:

________ drain the pyramids

Back 14

minor calyx

Front 15

internal structures of the kidneys:

__________ receive drainage from 2-3 minor calices

Back 15

major calyx

Front 16

internal structures of the kidneys:

____________ superior end of the ureter which drains the major calices

Back 16

renal pelvis

Front 17

name the 8 internal structures of the kidney

Back 17

1) cortex
2) medulla
3) renal pyramids
4) renal papilla
5) renal columns
6) minor calyx
7) major calyx
8) renal pelvis

Front 18

is the R or L renal a. longer?
-anterior or anterior to IVC?

is the R or L renal v. longer?
-anterior/posterior to abdominal aorta?

Back 18

-R renal a. is longer and goes posterior to iVC

-L renal v. is longer and goes anterior to abdominal aorta and posterior to SMA

Front 19

What is the sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic innervation to the kidneys?

Back 19

sensory: T11 - L2
sympathetic: greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nn. (vasoconstriction)
parasympathetic: vagus (CN X) (vasodilation)

Front 20

name the 5 arteries that supply the ureters (superior to inferior)

Back 20

sup: renal aa.
gonadal aa.
abdominal aorta
iliac aa.
inf: inferior vesical or uterine arteries

Front 21

what spinal segment(s) innervate(s) the ureters

Back 21

T11 - L2

Front 22

CC: kidneys

-obstruct urine flow; produce referred pain to the anterior abdominal wall (T11-T12), the groin (L1), the scrotum/labia majora, and/or the superior medial surface of the thigh

Back 22

kidney/ureteric stones (calculi)

Front 23

name the 3 sites of obstruction for kidney/ureteric calculi

Back 23

1) ureteropelvic junction - where renal pelvis becomes the ureter
2) pelvic brim - where ureter crosses iliac vessels
3) ureterovesical junction - where ureter meets bladder

Front 24

CC: kidneys

2 full ureters into bladder

Back 24

bifid pelvis

Front 25

CC: kidneys

single U-shaped kidney

Back 25

Horseshoe kidney

Front 26

CC: kidneys

kidneys inferior to proper location:
short ureter indicates congenital misplacement vs. long ureter that indicates trauma misplacement

Back 26

ectopic pelvic kidney

Front 27

what lies at the superomedial edge of each kidney and is attached to the diaphragm by renal fascia?

Back 27

the suprarenal aa.

Front 28

the left adrenal a is ___________ (shape) while the right is_______

Back 28

L = semiLunar
R = triangular

Front 29

the __________ of the adrenal gland secretes androgens and corticosteriods and comes from lateral mesoderm

Back 29

cortex

Front 30

the ___________ of the adrenal gland comes from NEURAL CREST CELLS

Back 30

medulla

Front 31

the medulla of the adrenal gland has preganglionic sympathetic fibers that go through the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, do the fibers synapse in either ganglia?

Back 31

no

Front 32

where do the preganglionic \sympatheic fibers of the medulla of the adrenal gland travel in and where do they synapse? where do the post. synapse?

Back 32

pregang.= chromaffin cells within the adrenal glands (travel in splanchnic nn)

postgang = NONE, E/NE get to target via blood

Front 33

what does the adrenal medulla release in response to stress?

Back 33

Epinephrine and/or Norepinephrine

Front 34

name the 3 aa and 1 v that supply/drains the suprarenal gland

where do the aa come from?
where does the v go to?

Back 34

1. superior suprarenal aa. <-- inferior phrenic aa.
2. middle suprarenal aa. <-- abdominal aorta
3. inferior suprarenal aa. <-- renal aa.
4. suprarenal v.,
-R --> IVC (short)
-L --> L renal v. (long) --> IVC

Front 35

the __________ fxn's to separate the thoracic and abdominal cavities; it is the CHIEF m of inspiration; aid in defecation, micturition, and parturition

Back 35

diaphragm

Front 36

the __________ contains a central tendon, sternal portion, costal portion, and lumbar portion

Back 36

the diaphragm

Front 37

the _____ arcuate ligament goes around the aorta

Back 37

median

Front 38

the _______ arcuate ligament crosses over the minor and major psoas mm.

Back 38

medial

Front 39

the _________ acuate ligament crosses over the quadratus lumborum m.

Back 39

lateral

Front 40

the ______ crus (L1-L2) combines with the ______ crus (L2-L3) [which wraps around the esophagus] to form the median arcuate ligament

Back 40

left (L1-L2)
right (L2-L3)

Front 41

the _______________ is a weak spot in the diaphragm where herniation can occur

Back 41

vertebrocostal triangle

Front 42

the ________________ (_____________) is a combo of skeletal m. from the R crus and smooth m. that helps suspend the duodenum

Back 42

m. of Treitz (suspensory ligament of the duodenum)

Front 43

explain "I 8 10 EGGs AT 12" as it refers to openings in the diaphragm

Back 43

1) Vena caval foramen (T8)
-Inferior vena cava and branches of the R phrenic n,
2) Esophageal hiatus (T10)
-Esophagus
-vaGus n. (CN X)
-esophageal branch of L Gastric a.
3) Aortic Hiatus (T12)
-Abdominal aorta
-Thoracic duct

Front 44

name the 5 aa that supply the diaphragm and their sources

Back 44

1) superior phrenic a. <-- thoracic aorta
2) inferior phrenic a. <--abdominal aorta
3) Pericardiacophrenic aa <--internal thoracic aa.
4) Musculophrenic aa <--internal thoracic aa.
5) intercostal aa.

Front 45

describe the motor innervation of the diaphragm and the 2 components of the sensory

Back 45

1) motor: phrenic n. (C3-C5)
2) sensory:
A) Central portion: phrenic n.
B) Periphery: intercostal nn.

Front 46

CC: Diaphragm

when abdominal contents herniate through diaphragmatic defect and inhibit formation of respiratory structures

Back 46

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Front 47

CC: Diaphragm

-shoulder pain from C3-C5 fibers and anterolateral bdominal wall pain from intercostal nn

Back 47

referred pain

Front 48

CC: Diaphragm

-type 1: cardia of stomach extends through diaphragm, regurgitation occurs
-type 2: cardia in original position, portion of fundud of the stomach extends through the diaphragm, no regurgitation occurs

Back 48

hiatal hernia

type 1: sliding hernia
type 2: para-esophageal hernia

Front 49

name the visceral paired branches that come off of the abdominal aorta (3)

Back 49

1) middle suprarenal aa.
2) renal aa.
3) gonadal aa.

Front 50

name the 3 unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta

Back 50

1) celiac a
2) SMA
3) IMA

Front 51

name the 3 parietal branches of the abdominal aorta

Back 51

1) inferior phrenic aa.
2) lumbar aa.
3) mediaN sacral a.

Front 52

name the termination of the abdominal aorta

Back 52

the common iliac aa.

Front 53

suprarenal veins:
is the right shorter or longer than the left, and where do the right and left empty into?

Back 53

Right adrenal v. (shorter) --> IVC
Left adrenal v. (longer) --> L renal v.

Front 54

gonadal veins:
where does the right empty into vs. the left?

Back 54

right: IVC
left: L renal v.

Front 55

psoas major m.

I,A,N

Back 55

I: lesser trochanter of the femur
A: flex thigh and vertbral column
N: ventral rami L2-L4

Front 56

psoas minor muscle is present is what % of the population

Back 56

60%

Front 57

name to 4 prominent mm of the posterior abdominal wall

Back 57

Major and minor psoas mm.
Iliacus m
Quadratus lumborum m.
Transversus abdominus m.

Front 58

Iliacus m.

I, A, N

Back 58

I: lesser trochanter of the femur
A: flex thigh
N: femoral n. (L2-L4)

Front 59

psoas major m. + iliacus m. = ?

Back 59

Iliopsoas m.

Front 60

the ____________ nerve:
spinal segment: T12
innervation:
-external ab. ob. m
-skin of the anterolateral ab. wall

Back 60

subcostal n.

Front 61

the ____________ nerve:
spinal segment: L1
innervation:
-internal abdominus ob. m.
-skin of hypogastric region and over iliac crest

Back 61

iliohypogastric n.

Front 62

the ____________ nerve:
spinal segment: L1
innervation:
-internal ab. ob. & transversus ab. mm.
-skin of anterior scrotum/labia majora, superior medial thigh

Back 62

ilioinguinal n.

Front 63

the ____________ nerve:
spinal segment: L1-L2
innervation:
-________ branch: skin of anterolateral scrotum/labia majora, cremaster m.
-________ branch: skin over femoral triangle

Back 63

genitofemoral n.

genital branch
femoral branch

Front 64

the ____________ nerve:
spinal segment: L2 -L3
innervation:
-skin of anterolater surface of thigh

Back 64

lateral femoral cutaneous n.

Front 65

the ____________ nerve:
spinal segment: L2-L4
innervation:
-abductor thigh mm
-skin on medial aspect of thigh

Back 65

obturator n.

Front 66

the ____________ nerve:
spinal segment: L2-L4
innervation:
-iliacus m.
-hip flexors
-knee flexors

Back 66

femoral n.

Front 67

the ____________ trunk:
spinal segment: L4-L5
innervation:
-contributes to sacral plexus

Back 67

lumbosacral trunk

Front 68

name the 7 nn of the lumbar plexus

Back 68

1) iliohypogastric n.
2) ilioinguinal n.
3) genitofemoral n.
4) lateral femoral cutaneous n.
5) obturator n.
6) femoral n.
7) lumbosacral trunk