Z Veterinary Ultrasound Final

Front 1

What is attenuation?

Back 1

loss of energy from an US pulse as it passes through tissue

Front 2

What is acoustic impedence?

Back 2

the ease by which a particular tissue transmits US vibrations - not all tissues are the same

Front 3

What is boundary interface?

Back 3

the junction/boundary between 2 tissues w/ different acoustic impedence

Front 4

What is an acoustic window?

Back 4

the straight path from the surface of the skin to organ of interest not blocked by bone, air, or mineral

Front 5

What is a transducer footprint?

Back 5

the size of the contact area between the transducer and the skin - size of footprint will affect choice of acoustic window

Front 6

The ___ of the white dot on the screen is determined by how long it took for the echo to return to the transducer

Back 6

position

Front 7

The ___ of the white dot on the screen is determined by the intensity of the echo.

Back 7

brightness/whiteness

Front 8

Describe how US works

Back 8

transducer send US pulses into body, as US encounters various things portions of the US are reflected back to the tranducer - based on the strength and time of return of the US waves to the transducer, a picture is formed

Front 9

Define reflection

Back 9

enery lost from echoes that are reflected back to the transducer

Front 10

Define refraction

Back 10

energy lost from echoes that is scattered in other directions and never recd back by the transducer

Front 11

Define hyperechoic

Back 11

relatively bright area on the screen

Front 12

Define hypoechoic

Back 12

relatively dark area on the screen

Front 13

Define isoechoic

Back 13

areas of equal brightness on the screen

Front 14

Define anechoic

Back 14

black area on the screen - no echoes

Front 15

Define echotexture

Back 15

the overall appearance of a tissue or organ on the screen

Front 16

Higher transducer frequency = ___ penetration & ___ resolution

Back 16

decreased penetration
better resolution

Front 17

Lower transducer frequency = ___ penetration & ___ resolution

Back 17

increased penetration
poorer resolution

Front 18

What kind of transducer has a large footprint, the crystals are in a straight line, & produces a rectangular picture

Back 18

Linear array transducer

Front 19

What kind of transducer has a small footprint, 1-2 crystals that travel back & forth in an arc, & produces a pie-shaped picture?

Back 19

Sector transducer

Front 20

What kind of transducer has a small footprint, the crystals are arranged in an arc, and produces a modified pie-shaped picture?

Back 20

Curved (convex) array transducer

Front 21

The transducer spends __% of its time producing sound pulse & __% of its time listening for echoes

Back 21

1% producing, 99% listening for echoes

Front 22

What is TGC and what does it do?

Back 22

Time Gain Compensation - amplifies weaker deep echoes more than stronger close echoes, creates a more "even" image this way

Front 23

What kind of picture does B mode produce?

Back 23

Still picture

Front 24

What kind of picture does Real Time mode produce?

Back 24

a "moving" picture

Front 25

Describe M mode - what is it used for?

Back 25

moving parts depicted on scree as a series of undulating lines - used mainly for cardiac US

Front 26

Define the term "US artifact"?

Back 26

the production of an image on the screen which does not represent an acurate depiction of true anatomy

Front 27

What is distal enhancement?

Back 27

Brighter echoes on the distal side of fluid-filled objects - the beam does not lose as much energy travelling through fluid as it does through tissue

Front 28

What is acoustic shadowing? What materials might cause this?

Back 28

When beam strikes highly reflective interface (bone/air/stones), the beam is almost totally reflected, nothing left to travel deeper - produces a dark shadow distal to the object (hypoechoic area)

Front 29

What is reverberation?

Back 29

beam hits a highly reflective object at a perpendicular angles - the echo bounces of the transducer and hits the object again and again

Front 30

What is refraction/edge shadowing?

Back 30

beam is bent and deflected when it hits a curved object - and anechoic area develops distally to a curved edge

Front 31

What objects produce edge shadowing?

Back 31

kidneys, gall bladder, and fetal skull

Front 32

What is a mirror image? What often produces this?

Back 32

beam bounces between and object and a large, highly relective interface, producing two images - diaphragm often causes

Front 33

What is beam width artifact?

Back 33

although beam is vy thin, it does have some thickness - BW artifact is caused when beam slices through edge of two substances simultaneously - computer averages the image and it appears as though there is a mass

Front 34

Direction that notch is pointing will always be on what side of the screen?

Back 34

Left

Front 35

Notch points toward the patient's head in a ___ view

Back 35

sagital

Front 36

What side of the patient is the notch facing in a transverse view?

Back 36

patient's RIGHT side

Front 37

In a transverse view, the patient's __ side is shown on the ___ side of the screen

Back 37

patient's right showing on left side of screen

Front 38

In a sagital view of the kidney, where is the notch pointing?

Back 38

toward the patient's head

Front 39

In a transverse view of the kidney, where is the notch pointing

Back 39

toward the patient's right side (operator's left side)

Front 40

In a dorsal/coronal view of the kidney where is the tranducer and notch

Back 40

notch toward patient's head, transducer alonf the side of the animal scanning in toward the spine

Front 41

A vessel w/ white walls in the liver would be the what?

Back 41

Hepatic Vein

Front 42

Does the portal or hepatic vein have white walls?

Back 42

The portal has white walls, the hepatic simply appears darker

Front 43

In the kidney, which is darker, the cortex or the medulla?

Back 43

medulla

Front 44

What is the white substance often seen in the middle/renal sinus of the kidney?

Back 44

fat

Front 45

What are the stomach "wrinkles" called?

Back 45

rugae

Front 46

What produces a "hostess cupcake" image when bisected?

Back 46

small intestine