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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: Mendellian Factors are ***(1) and these ***(1) are locate on ***.
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genes
chromosomes |
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The first cell in eukaryotes is created by the fusion of gametes from each parent. It is *N and is called a/an ***.
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zygote
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Genome: The complete compliment of genetic information in a ***ploid chromosomal set.
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hap
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Four types of chromosomes based on position of centromere...
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metacentric
submetacentric acrocentric telocentric |
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Karyotype: complete set of all the
****phase chromosomes in a cell |
metaphase
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Centrioles and chromosomes replicated before the end of ***.
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interphase
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interphase > *** > *** > *** > anaphase > ***
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prophase
prometaphase metaphase telophase |
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*** divisions of diploid nucleus following only one DNA replication cycle.
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Two successive
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The steps of meiosis?
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prophase
metaphase anaphase telophase |
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Crossover is also called...
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chiasma
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Prophase I: *** (early prophase)
Chromosomes begin to ***. Pairing of chromosomes: *** alignment of homologous chromosomes. |
Leptonema
coil Loose |
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Prophase I: *** (early/mid prophase)
*** forms - formation of a *** association between homologous chromosomes. *** complex is now called ***. |
Zygonema
Synapsis very tight Synaptonemal, bivalent |
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Prophase I: *** (mid prophase)
The *** complex is completely formed and will be disassembled. *** occurs now which is the exchange of chromosome segments. |
Pachynema
synaptonemal Crossing over |
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Prophase I: *** (mid to late prophase)
Chromosomes begin to move apart and the crossing over of chromatids becomes visible as ***. |
Diplonema
chiasmata |
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Prophase I: *** (late prophase)
Chiasmata are often ***, which means they have move down to the ends of the chromatids. |
Diakinesis
terminalized |
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Fruit fly has 4 homologous chromosomes. Therefore, it has ***= *** different combinations. Humans have 23. So, ***=*** different combinations.
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2^4=16
2^23=8,388,608 |
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***: Gene found on one of the sex chromosome.
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Sex linkage
sex-linked X-linked |
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First Evidence to Support Chromosome Theory of Inheritance was provided by *** in ***. What happened?
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Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1910
Sex-linked white eyed male flies - x chromosome |
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Proof supporting the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance came from who? He found that 1 in *** of the F1 flies are either *** or *** caused by ***.
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Morgan’s Student, Calvin Bridges
2000 white-eyed females or red-eyed males Non-disjunction |
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*** non-disjunction is the term used when it occurs in an individual with a normal set of chromosomes.
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Primary
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*** => Number of chromosomes are either less than normal or greater than normal.
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Aneuploidy
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Y chromosome mechanism of sex determination is seen in *** and other ***. The heterogametic individual carrying the Y chromosome is genetically ***.
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humans
placental mammals male |
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X chromosome-autosome balance is seen in ***: the ration between the number of X chromosomes and the number of sets of autosomes.
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Drosophila
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Turner syndrome has *** chromosomes and *** sex chromosomes.
1:*** births **% die before birth. |
45
one X 1:10,000 99% |
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Klinefelter Syndrome: Has sex chromosomes of...
1 in *** males. |
47,48,49+
XXY, XXXY, XXXXY, XXYY, XYY 1000 |
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The extra X chromosomes are inactivated by the *** day after fertilization and are found as *** in the nucleus.
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16th
Barr bodies |
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X-inactivation is an example of an *** phenomenon: A heritable change
in gene expression which occurs w/o a change in the DNA sequence. |
epigenetic
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In ***, ***, *** and some *** the sex chromosome composition is the opposite of mammals.
The male is ***.. The female is ***. |
birds, butterflies, moths, and some fish
homogametic - XX heterogametic - XY |
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Environmental Sex Determination:
The sex of certain *** is determined by temperatures. 32C+=***. 28C-=***. The marine worm ***. Solo larvae = ***. Many = ***. |
turtles - f -m
Bonellia - f -m |
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Approximately *** sex-linked traits have been identified in humans.
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100
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Most have been X-linked ***. Very few X-linked *** have been identified. An example of ***-linked inheritance is hairy ears.
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recessive
dominants Y |
