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113 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
bactericidal + bacteriostatic =
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Antagonistic
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bacteriostatic + bacteriostatic =
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additive
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bactericidal + bactericidal =
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synergistic
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________ are penicillinase resistant
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isoxasols
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what type of AB is ampicillin?
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penicillin
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amoxicillin is a type of?
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penicillin
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Polyflex (R) is a type of?
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ampicillin/penicillin
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Amoxi-Drop (R) or Amoxi Tabs (R) are types of what?
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amoxicillin/penicillin
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what is clavamox?
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amoxicillin + clavulanate potassium, which is a chemical helper that binds to penicillinase and inacvtivates it
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methicillin is a type of what?
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isoxasol
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oxacillin is a type of what?
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isoxasol
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cloxacillin is a type of what?
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isoxasol
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dicloxacillin is a type of what?
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isoxasol
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Excenel (R) is a type of what?
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cephalosporin
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Naxcel(R) is a type of what?
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cephalosporin
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Cefa-drops(R) and Cefa-tabs(R) are types of what?
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cephalosporin
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Cefa-Lak(R) is a type of what?
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cephalosporin
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tetracycline hydrochloride is a type of what?
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tetracycline
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tetracycline hydrochloride (Panamycin(R)) is a type of what?
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tetracycline
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oxytetracycline (Terramycin(R)) is a type of what?
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tetracycline
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chlortetracycline (Aureomycin(R)) is a type of what?
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tetracycline
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doxycycline is a type of what?
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tetracycline
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minocycline is a type of what?
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tetracycline
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streptomycin is a type of what?
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aminoglycoside
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neomycin is a type of what?
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aminoglycoside
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kanamycin is a type of what?
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aminoglycoside
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gentamycin is a type of what?
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aminoglycoside
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dihydrostreptomycin is a type of what?
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aminoglycoside
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Amforal (R) is a type of what?
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kanamycin/aminoglycoside
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Gentocin(R) is a type of what?
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gentamycin/aminoglycoside
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amikacin/Amikin(R) is a type of what?
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aminoglycoside
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tobramycin is a type of what?
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aminoglycoside
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enrofloxacin/Baytril(R) is a type of what?
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flouoroquinolone
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difloxacin HCL/Dicural(R) is a type of what?
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fluoroquinolone
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orbifloxacin/Orbax(R) is a type of what?
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fluoroquinolone
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tilmicosin phosphate/Micotil(R) is a type of what?
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macrolide
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erythromycin is a type of what?
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macrolide
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tylosin/Tylosan(R) is a type of what?
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macrolide
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clindamycin/Antirobe(R) is a type of what?
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lincosamide
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lincomycin/Lincocin(R)is a type of what?
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lincosamide
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Primor(R) is a type of what?
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sulfonamide
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Albon(R) is a type of what?
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sulfonamide
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Tribrissen(R) is a type of what?
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sulfonamide
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Nuflor(R) is a type of what?
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florfenicol
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nystatin/Panalog(R)/Dermaolone(R) is used to tx what?
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superficial fungal infections
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clotrimazole/Otomax(R)/Lotrimin(R)is used to tx what?
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superficial fungal infections
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miconazole/Monistat(R)/Conofite(R)/Dermazole(R) is used to tx what?
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superficial fungal infections
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ketoconazole/Nizoral(R) cream is used to tx what?
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superficial fungal infections
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griseofulvin/Fulvicin U/F(R) is used to tx what? what is unusual about this med?
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used to tx superficial fungal infections
is a systemic tx for a topical infection |
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amphotericin B/Fungizone (R) is used to tx what?
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systemic fungal infections
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flucytosine/Ancobon(R) is used to tx what?
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systemic fungal infections
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itraconazole/Sporanox(R) is used to tx what?
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systemic fungal infections
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ketaconazole/Nozoral(R) tablets is used to tx what?
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systemic fungal infections
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Two important advantages that cephalosporins have over penicillin
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1) Active against penicillinase producing bacteria
2) Eff. against some GN bacteria as well as GP |
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Which ABs are eff against rickettsial organisms?
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tetracyclines
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what med is eff against all staph?
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cephalosporins
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What med must be protected from oxygen and light, is packaged in airtight foil packets, and is a pill that should not be cut?
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clavamox
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what is the drug of choice for Lyme dz?
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doxycycline
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what med needs to be kept cool and dry - heat and humidity can lead to toxic degredation leading to V/D and kidney problems?
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tetracyclines
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What med causes yellowing of teeth in young animals?
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tetracyclines
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what med should not be given w/ clacium or magnesium products (milk, antacids)or it won't be absorbed from the GI tract?
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tetracyclines
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What med can have serious side effects such a nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neuromuscular problems?
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aminoglycosides
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What med has recently been pulled from the poultry market due to resistant campylobacter being found in turkey and chicken meat?
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fluoroquinolones
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what med is very fast acting - viability of bacteria is lost w/i 20-30 minutes post-exposure?
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fluoroquinolones
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What med should cats be dosed SID at the low end of the dosing scale to avoid retinal degeneration, wakefulness, seizures, and possible death?
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fluoroquinalones
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What mes should you avoid giving to young dogs during the rapid growth phase (@-12 months) as it can cause lesions on the joint articular cartilage?
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fluoroquinalones
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What med is potentially lethal to horses, swine, and humans and should not come in contact w/ your skin?
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tilmicosin phosphate/Micotil(R)
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What med has a narrow spectrum - primarily GP and anaerobes, and is toxic to guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, and horses? It causes sever fatal diarrhea by killing of the normal healthy GI flora of animals w/ a large ceca.
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lincosamides
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What med is actually an antibacterial and not a antibiotic? Why?
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sulfonamides
not produced from a living organism |
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What med can be used to tx coccidiosis?
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sulfonamides
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What med are a lot of people allergic to thus it is very limited in the use of food producing animals?
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sulfonamides
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What med can cause crystaluria?
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Sulfonamides
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What med is illegal to use in food producing animals due to the risk of aplastic anemia in humans?
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chloramphemicol
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What med is the drug of choice for meningitis? Why?
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chloramphenicol
crosses the BBB |
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What med has an adverse effect of blood dyscrasias in cats?
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chloramphenicols
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What med has results that tend to be reliable in the lab but not in the body?
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choramphenicols
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What med is synergistic w/ trimethoprim?
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sulfonamides
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Define AB
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Chemical compound produced by one microorganism that has the ability to kill or inhibit another microorganism
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How do cidals work?
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Kill bacteria - usually by interfering with cell wall synthesis
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How do statics work?
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Inhibit cell growth and multiplication by interferring with protein synthesis. Statics depend on the body's own immune system to kill and remove bacteria.
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What cannot go IV?
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Suspensions
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what can affect drug stability?
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Time, heat, light, exposure to oxygen
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What is R-factor?
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Plasmids are packets of extrachromosomal DNA in bacterial cells. Some R-factor plasmids help a bacterium against an AB and can survive to be passed on to other generations or other strains of bacteria - this leads to resistance.
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Surest measure of effectiveness of an AB is a given situation is what? When will it be seen?
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Clinical response
should be seen w/i 24-48 hours |
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3 tools used to select the proper AB
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clinical experience
gram stain culture and sensitivity |
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MIC
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Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
the smallest amount of an AB needed that will kill or inhibit the organism |
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Statics given more or less frequent?
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More - need to have a constant AB level
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Cidals given more or less frequent?
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Less - need to have peaks and valleys in AB levels to allow some reproduction to occur
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Duration of tx depends on what three things?
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Knowledge of dz and severity
clinical symptoms clinical response |
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Why are combo drugs perhaps not a good idea?
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Ratios of the meds cannot be changed
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What is penicillinase?
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Enzyme produced by some bacteria which destroys the beta lactam ring of the penicillin - gives bacteria resistance to the effects of penicillin
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First version of penicillin that could be taken orally
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penicillin V
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Second major modification to the penicillin molecule?
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ampicillin
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Why is doxycycline the drug of choice for Lymes?
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Given BID, not TID or QID
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What should not be given w/ Amphotercin B?
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aminoglycosides
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What is used to tx dental infections and abscesses?
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clindamycin/Antirobe(R)
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What is toxic to hind gut fermentors?
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lincosamides
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What comes in a powder form and is used to tx dogs w/ diarrhea?
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tylosin/Tylan (R)
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If given IM, what two macrolides are very painful?
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erythromycin and tylosin
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What two meds can be used to tx foot rot?
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macrolides & sulfonamides
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What was originally developed as an industrial dye?
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sulfonamides
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What med works by blocking the synthesis of folic acid?
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sulfonamides
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What med is used to tx pseudomonas?
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aminoglycosides
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What 5 meds are statics?
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tetracyclines
macrolides lincosamides sulfonamides chloramphemicols |
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What med is usually reserved for tx of GN?
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aminoglycosides
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What med should not be given w/ barbituates? Why?
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chloramphenicols
prolongs barbituate metabolism |
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What med is never considered a first drug of choice?
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chloramphenicols
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What two meds are narrow spectrum?
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penicillins and lincosamides
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What two meds are excreted in the active form?
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tetracylines and sulfonamides
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What are dermatophytes and what does it cause?
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Ringworm
superficial fungal infections |
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Absorption of griseofulvin is enhanced if given w/ what?
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fatty meal
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GI yeast infections are often tx w/ oral nystatin - what is special about the administration of this med?
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Needs to come in direct contact w/ yeast to kill it. It is painted on in the oral cavity.
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Systemic fungal infections are also known as what?
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deep fungal infections
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