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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a inside a Bartholin Gland cyst?
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fluid, but if it gets infected, it can turn to pus and then lead to an abscess
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What is a Bartholin's Gland cyst caused from?
What is a Bartholin's Gland abscess caused from? |
blocked duct
bacteria, chylmidia, ghonnorhea |
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What is Leukoplakia?
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white lesions of the vulva that cause:
1)itching 2)dyspareunia (painful intercourse) |
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What are the two types of Leukioplakia?
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Lichen Sclerosus
Lichen Simplex Chronicus |
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I am the leukioplakia that has thin parchment white patches.
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Lichen Sclerosus
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Most Lichen sclerosus happens in ______________ women.
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postmenopausal
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Leukoplakia (especially lichen sclerosus) is called _____________ in men.
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balanitis xerotica obliterans
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Lichen Simplex Chronicus has these type of white patches.
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thick gray white patches with increased superficial keratin
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Unexplained vulvar pain with burning, stinging, irritation and rawness.
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vulvodynia
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Vulvodynia is the leading cause of ________________ in younger women. It can be primary or secondar.
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dyspareunia
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Inflammation of the vagina with burning, redness, swelling and itch.
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Vaginitis
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What symptom MAY be present with vaginitis...it depends on the cause of the vaginitis.?
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discharge
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Suffering from vaginitis, you MAY have painful _____________ and _____________.
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urination and dyspareunia
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Cause of vaginitis in premenarchal
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non specific causes:
-poor hygiene -intestinal parasites -foreign bodies |
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Cause of vaginitis in menarchial
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-candida albicans
-trichomonas vaginalis -bacterial vaginosis |
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Cause of vaginitis in postmenopausal
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Atrophic vaginitis caused from NO ESTROGEN
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Acute or Chronic inflammation of the cervix
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cervicitis
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Cause of acute cervicitis
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1) direct infection or inflammation of the cervix
2) secondary to a vaginal infection (ascended) or a uterine infection (descended) |
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What is a hallmark sign of acute cervicitis?
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lots of mucal drainage with PUS and LOTS of WBC in drainage
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Chronic cervicitis is described as _____ ________ inflammation, and it is common among _______________ women.
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low grade inflammation
post pardum (just gave birth) |
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Tx for acute cervicitis
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id and proper abx
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Tx for chronic cervicitis
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chryosurgery
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PID is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and it is an inflammation of what?
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upper reproductive tract
uterus fallopian tubes ovaries ***either a combo of these, all of these, or one of these...it is all considered PID |
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Inflammation of the uterus
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endometritis
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Inflammation of the fallopian tubes
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salpingitis
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Inflammation of the ovaries
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oophoritis
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Key phrase for PID....It is a ____________ infection with ____________ causes.
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polymicrobial infection with varying causes...Not just one, not just gonnorhea
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PID is not necessarily caused by....
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STD
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What are symptoms of PID?
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lower abdominal pain, lower back pain, purulent discharge, pelvic tenderness, painful cervix
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What is dx of PID?
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fever, increased ESR, increased C-reactive proteins, leukocytosis
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What is TX for PID?
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+ multiple ABX...remember it is a polymicrobial infection
+ bed rest + stop having sex |
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Functional endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
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Endometriosis
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What is cause of endometriosis?
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unknown, but theories include: retrograde menstration, genetic, immune response
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Endometriosis (pieces) may form:
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1) endometrioma
2) small hemorrhagic lesions |
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What are endometrioma?
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chocolate cysts on the ovary. Inside it is blood. Rupture an cause peritonitis and adhesions
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What are small hemorrhagic lesions?
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With Endometriosis, if the endometrial tissue (FUNCTIONING) lands anywhere other than ovary it is this. They respond to hormonal changes.
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Why is endometriosis difficult to diagnose?
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b/c the pain is the same as a lot of pelvic disorders.
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What helps to dx the condition endometriosis?
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Classic Triad:
dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and infertility |
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What is the only accurate dx of endometriosis?
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laproscopy
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Using surgery as a tx for endometriosis, has what risk?
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reoccurance
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Benign tumors from smooth muscle origin
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leiomyomas
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What is the difference between endometritis and endometriosis?
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Endometritis - inflammation of the uterus
Endometriosis - functioning endometrial tissue outside of uterus |
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Leiomyomas are also called ______________ and ______________.
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myomas and fibroids
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What are the types of leiomyomas?
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subserosal - project from under peritoneum and stick out the side of the uterus. They cause hypoureter and other pressure problems.
submucosal - displace endometrial tissue and cause bleeding intramural - in wall, most common |
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What are the symptoms of leiomyomas?
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asymptomatic or symptoms...heavy menstral flow, anemia, abdominal distention and pushing on another structure and causing pain.
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What will increase the size of a leiomyoma? (benign tumors from smooth muscle origin)
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pregnancy or exposure to estrogen (oral constraceptives or estrogen replacement therapy)
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Most ovarian cysts are __________ and regress spontaneously.
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benign
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A follicular cysts originates from.....
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a blocked follicle.
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Which ovarian cysts is formed after ovulation?
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luteal cyst
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What are the two types of ovarian cysts?
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follicular cyst and luteal cyst
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Which cyst forms because there is no ovulation to shoot it out?
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follicular cyst
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What persists even after ovulation and no pregnancy with a luteal cyst?
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corpeus luteum
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Ovarian dysfunction associated with infrequent or absent menses in obese, infertile women.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome
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What is the presence in the ovaries with polycystic ovary syndrome?
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multiple cysts in the ovaries
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What are dx procedures for polycystic ovary syndrome?
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ultrasound...looks like string of pearls
blood tests |
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What are blood test results with dx of polycystic ovary syndrome?
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+ increased testosterone
+ LH, no LH spike to cause ovulation, so they don't ovulate -insulin resistance (leading to type II diabetes -hyperinsulinemia |
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What is tx for polycystic ovary syndrome?
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oral contraceptives to override the body hormones
loose weight (stop the TYPE II) fertility drugs to get them to ovulate |
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What are the two types of ovarian tumors to know?
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Benign Ovary Tumors
Functioning Ovarian Tumors |
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Which of the tumors can become malignant?
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functioning ovarian tumors
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What are the four types of BENIGN OVARY TUMORS?
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-epithelial origin...cystadenomas
-endometriomas...chocolate cysts -ovarian fibromas...connective tissue tumors of fibrocytes & collagen -cystic teratomas (aka: dermoid cysts) |
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What do cystic teratomas originate from?
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primordial germ cells...they have TEETH
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What do ovarian fibromas originate from?
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connective tissue...has collagen fibers, tough guys
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What do endometriomas originate from?
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Endometrial tissue on the ovary
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Where do cystadenomas originate from?
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epithelial origin...they are filled with serous or mucinous fluid. They are cystic.
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What are the four types of benign ovary tumors?
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Cystadenomas
Endometriomas Fibromas Tetratomas |
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What are the three types of Functioning Ovarian Tumors?
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Estrogen Secreting
Androgen Secreting Mixed Estrogen-Androgen Secreting |
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What makes them VERY different from benign ovary tumors?
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they can become malignant and they secrete hormones
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What is a specific type of functioning ovary tumor that secretes estrogen?
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Granulose tumor....causes excessive bleeding
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What does the androgen secreting functioning ovary tumor cause?
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cancels out estrogen because it secretes testosterone. NO OVULATION and LOW estrogen production
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What is the treatment for ovarian tumors?
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functioning tumors: surgery
benign tumors: remove if problem |
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Absence of bleeding
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Amenorrhea
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Scanty menstruation
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Hypomenorrhea
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Infrequent menstration, periods more than 35 days apart
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Oligomenorrhea
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Excessive menstruation
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Menorrhagia
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Bleeding between periods
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Metrorrhagia
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