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46 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
6 types of insulin
short-acting
--lispro
--aspart
--regular

intermediate
--NPH

long-acting
--glargine
--detemir
sulfonylureas
1st gen
--tolbutaminde
--chlorpropamide

2nd gen
--glyburide
--glimepiride
--glipizide
metformin is a _
biguanide
glitazones/thiazolidinediones
pioglitazone
rosiglitazone
alpha-glucossidase inhibitors
acarbose
miglitol
"mimetics" among diabetes drugs
pramlintide
glp-1 analogs
exenatide
diabetes drugs 7 groups
insulin
sulfonylureas
biguanides
glitazones/thiazolidinediones
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
mimetics
GLP-1 analogs
insulin action
liver:
^ glucose stored as glycogen

muscle:
glycogen, protein synthesis
K+ uptake

fat: aids TG storage
insulin rx
--type 1 and type 2 DM
--gestational diabetes
--life-threatening hyperkalemia
--stress-induced hyperglycemia
insulin s/e
hypersensitivity (very rare)
sulfonylureas moa
close K+ channel in beta-cell membrane

--> depolarization

--> Ca++ influx

--> triggers insulin release
sulfonylureas rx
--> release of endogenous insulin in type 2 DM
sulfonylureas s/e
1st generation:
--disulfiram-like effects

2nd generation:
--hypoglycemia
metformin moa
v gluconeogenesis

^ glycolysis
^ peripheral glucose uptake
metformin rx
oral

can be used in pts without islet function
metformin s/e
most grave s/e is lactic acidosis (contraindicated in renal failure)
pioglitazone
rosiglitazone

moa
^ insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue

binds to PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator
pioglitazone
rosiglitazone

rx
monotherapy in type 2 DM

or combined with above agents (insulin, sulfonylureas, metformin)
pioglitazone
rosiglitazone s/e
CV toxicity
hepatotoxicity
edema
weight gain

Conceptual way to organize the s/e's: CV toxicity is like heart failure which inevitably causes liver problems & edema. edema is a form of "weight gain"
acarbose
miglitol

s/e
GI disturbances


(duh, they inhibit intestinal brush border alpha glucosidases...)
acarbose
miglitol

moa
inhibit intestinal brush-border alpha glucosidases
acarbose
miglitol

rx
monotherapy in type II DM

"or in combo with above agents"
pramlintide moa
v glucagon
exenatide
^ insulin

v glucagon release
pramlintide rx
type II DM
exenatide
type II DM
pramlintide s/e
HaND (think of a white, pramlintide brand glove)

hypoglycemia
nausea
diarrhea
exenatide s/e
nausea
vomiting
pancreatitis
propylthiouracil
methimazole mechanism
inhibit
--organification of iodide
--coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis

PTU also v peripheral T4 --> T3 conversion
drugs for hyperthyroidism
propylthiouracil
methimazole
propylthiouracil
methimazole

s/e
the SAp will SAg

skin rash
agranulocytosis (rare)
aplastic anemia

methimazole: possible teratogen
levothyroxine
triiodothyronine rx
hypothyroidism
myxedema
levothyroxine
triiodothyronine s/e
tachycardia
heat intolerance
arrhythmias
tremors
treat myxedema with...
thyroid hormone
GH

Rx
GH deficiency

Turner syndrome
somatostatin (octreotide) rx
acromegaly
carcinoid
gastrinoma
glucagonoma
oxytocin rx
labor
uterine contractions
milk-let down

controls uterine hemorrhage
ADH aka _ rx
desmopressin

pituitary DI
demeclocycline moa
ADH antagonist
demeclocycline rx
SIADH
demeclocycline s/e
nephrogenic DI
photosensitivity
abnormalities of bone & teeth
5 glucocorticoids
hydrocortisone
prednisone
triamcinolone
dexamethasone
beclomethasone
glucocorticoids moa
inhibits phospholipase A2

expression of COX2

v leukotrienes & prostaglandins
glucocorticoids rx
addison's
inflammation
immune suppression
asthma
glucocorticoids s/e
iatrogenic cushing's syndrome:

3 rock
3 paper
3 scissors

buffalo hump
moon facies
truncal obesity

muscle wasting
thin skin
easy bruisability

osteoporosis
adrenocortical atrophy
peptic ulcers

diabetes (if chronic use)

adrenal insufficiency when stopped after chronic use