Z Ecology Final 2

Front 1

what determines the availability of nutrients in ecosystems?

Back 1

biogeochemical cycling

Front 2

A biogeochemical cycle is a pathway by which a ___element or molecule moves through both ____ and ____ compartments of Earth.

Back 2

chemical

biotic biosphere

abiotic (lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere)

Front 3

we cant fully understand nutrient cycles and landscape ecology without considering the ___

Back 3

role of human impacts

Front 4

what are the six major elements?

Back 4

H,C,N,O,S, AND P

Front 5

the six building blocks constitute the major building blocks for all _____, this is why tracking these nutrients serves as one basis for ecosystem ecology

Back 5

biological macromolecules

Front 6

The biological fluxes of the first five of these elements (H C N O S and P) are driven largely by what three things???

Back 6

microbial catalyzed
thermodynamically constrained
redox reactions

Front 7

phosphorous is an essential element, constituents of __, __, ___,__, and ___.

Back 7

nucleic acids
cell membranes
energy transfer systems
bones
teeth

Front 8

phosphorous undergoes _____transformations,

Back 8

relatively few
none of the redox reactions seen in nitrogen

Front 9

phosphorous (does or does not) circulate through the atmosphere

Back 9

does not except as dust

Front 10

phosphorous is the major source ____

Back 10

weathering of rocks

Front 11

four things that constitute phosphorous cycle

Back 11

1) P undergoes relatively low transformation
2)phosphorous does not circulate through atmosphere
3)major source of weathering rocks
4)basically a one - way pathway from land to sea

Front 12

upwelling ___,___,water moving to the ____

support some the worlds most productive fisheries

Back 12

cold nutrient rich water
surface

Front 13

what happens in winter, spring, summer, and fall

Back 13

winter: less dense water below 4 c floats to the surface where ice forms (bottom of lake remains unfrozen

wind

spring: seasonal winds cause vertical movement of water, bringing nutrients up from sediments and oxygen to deeper water

summer: thermal stratification develops in summer and prevents mixing between the epilimnion and hypolimnion.

fall wind nutrients

Front 14

what is the thermocline?

Back 14

the depth at which temperature changes most rapidly

Front 15

nitrogen cycle
ultimate source (largest reservior) of this essential element is ____

Back 15

molecular N2 gas in the atmosphere

Front 16

nitrogen is absent from ____

Back 16

native rock

Front 17

nitrogen enters biological pathways through ___&____

Back 17

atmosphere deposition and nitrogen fixation

Front 18

redox reactions and essential for

Back 18

nitrogen

Front 19

nitrogen cycle 4 things

Back 19

ultimate source of this essential element is molecular n2 gas in the atmosphere

nitrogen is absent from native rock

nitrogen enters biological pathways through atmospheric deposition and nitrogen fixation

redox reactions essential

Front 20

nitrogen fixation is carried out by
---

Back 20

free living bacteria such as
azotobacter

symbiotic bacteria such as rhizobium, living in root nodules of legumes and other plants

cyanobacteria

Front 21

nitrogen fixation is carried out by
free living bacteria such as ____
symbiotic bacteria such as___
and cyanobacteria

Back 21

azotobacter
rhizobium

Front 22

Nitrogen fixation is an ______process

Back 22

energy requiring process

Front 23

n fixation is as energy requiring process, with energy supplied by ______, sugars supplied by plants (bacterial symbionts ), or photosynthesis (cyanobacteria)

Back 23

oxidation of organic detritus(free living bacteria

Front 24

n fixation is an energy requiring process, with energy supplied by oxidation of organic detritus (free living bacteria), ______ or photosynthesis

Back 24

sugars supplied by plants ( bacterial symbionts

Front 25

Reduction
electrons ____and oxidation number ______

Back 25

gained
decreases

Front 26

oxidation

electrons___oxidation number ___

Back 26

lost
increases

Front 27

Anthropogenic eutrophication is ___

Back 27

harmful

Front 28

nutrients stimulate ____

Back 28

primary production

Front 29

production is not inherently harmful but, _____accumulates, overwhelming _____

Back 29

biomass; natural regenerative process

Front 30

untreated sewage also increase the amount of _____

Back 30

organic material in water

Front 31

increased --- depletes oxygen killing fish and other obligate aerobes

Back 31

biological oxygen demand !

Front 32

shifts in nutrient ratios alter __

Back 32

competitive balance among organisms "weedy"species favored

Front 33

nutrient loading ofter leads to __

Back 33

hypoxia