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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Basophil - lg, dk, purple-blue granules. Cytoplasm is pale blue but often obscured by granules
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What kind of cell is this?
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eosinophil - pink or reddish orange granules
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What kind of cell is this?
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erythrocyte
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What kind of cell is this?
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lymphocyte - agranulocyte, round nucleus w/ sm amt of cytoplasm
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What kind of cell is this?
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monocyte - agranulocyte, largest WBC, vacuoles in the lt blue/grey cytoplasm
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What kind of cell is this?
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neutrophil - most common WBC, rose/violet granules, lobed or segmented nucleus
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What kind of cell is this?
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What are the two types of WBCs called?
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Granulocytes, agranulocytes
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Name the three types of WBC granulocytes
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Neutrophils, eosiniphils, and basophils
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Name the two types of WBC agranulocytes
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lymphocytes and monocytes
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What are some general functions of WBCs?
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control inflammation and bacterial infection, provide immunity, help clot blood,destroy clots, and prevent unwanted clots
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What is the most common type of WBC?
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Neutrophils
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What WBC forms the first line if defense against microbial infections?
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Neuts
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What WBC granulocyte w/ pink staining granules fights allergic reactions by releasing anti-histamines?
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Eosinophils
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What WBC granulocyte is very rare and releases histamine-heparin which induces inflammation and prevents clotting?
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Basophils
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What WBC agranulocyte is the largest WBC and has vaculoes in its cytoplasm?
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Monocyte
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Which WBS agranulocyte has a round nucleus, a sm amt of cytoplasm and comes in two types - B and T cells?
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Lymphocyte
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What is the scientific name for RBCs?
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Erythrocytes
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What are three terms for RBC size description?
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Normocytic, macrocytic, and microcytic
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What does anisocytic mean?
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Increased variance in RBC size
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Feline RBCs should have no ____.
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central pallor
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What does the term polychromasia mean?
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RBCs w/ a bluish tint - indicative of young cells
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What is the scientific name for platelets?
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Thromobcytes
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What is the main function of thromobcytes?
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clotting
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What is the function of RBCc?
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O2 xport and co2 excretion
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What is the liquid and cellular portions of blood together called?
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Whole blood
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What is the liquid portion of whole blood called?
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Plasma
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What is the liquid portion of clotted blood called?
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Serum
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What does a hemolyzed sample look like? What causes this?
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pinkish - caused by traumatic veinipuncture, wet collection tube, freezing whole blood, needle too small, forcing blood through needle
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What info should be labeled onto the blood sample?
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Date,tech initials, pt name/id, time, chart #
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How soon after drawing a whole blood sample should it be used?
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2-3 hours at room optimally
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Whzt kind of blood samples can be frozen? How long does it remain good for?
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Plasma and serum - about 6 weeks
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How long is a refrigerated plasma/serum sample good for?
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about a week
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___of blood yields about 1 ml of plasma or serum
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3 ml
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What does a lipemic sample of plasma/serum look like? Why
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Milky white - fat in the sample (often from animal not being fasted)
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What does an icteric plasma/serum sample look like?
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yellow to amber in color - bilirubin in sample
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Serum is collected in tubes w/ what color top?
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red - no anticoagulant as you want the sample to clot
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What is the most commonly used collection tube in vet med? What color?
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purple - EDTA
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What kind of tube is most commonly used for plasma collection? What color top?
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Heparin, green top
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How much blood can be safely removed from a patient?
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10% of total blood volume
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How is the total blood volume of a patient calculated?
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10% of total body weight in kgs = total blood volume
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What items are typically included in a CBC?
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WBC count, diffential, RBC morphology, platelet estimates, HCT/PCV, TPP
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Duplicate diffs can be averaged and reported only if :
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Neuts w/i 10 cells, lymphs w/i 8, monos w/i 6, eos w/i 5, and basos and bands w/i 2
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Platelet estimate formula
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Avg # of platelets in 10 oil power (100x) fields x 15,000 = est platelets/ul
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WBC estimate formula
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Avg of 10 hpf (40x) fields x 2000 = est WBC/ul
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WBC 4 sq formula & rules (1:20 dilution)
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Count the 4 sq under 10x, Avg # of WBC x 50 = WBC/ul - ea sq must be w/i 10 cells & ea side w/i 20, results must end in 00 or 50
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WBC 9 sq formula (1:100 dilution)
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Avg # of WBC x 110 = WBC/ul - ea side w/i 20, results must end in 00 or 50
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PCV/CTs are run in duplicate and must be w/i ___% to be reprotable
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2%
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RBC count formula
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Avg # of RBCs on 5 squares (4 corners and center) under 40x, x 10,000 = rbc/ul
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In orderto be reportable, WBCs & RBCs must be w/i ___% of the ___ count
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10% of the lower count
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What is leukocytosis?
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increased total WBC count
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What is leukocytopenia?
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decreased total WBC count
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What is a left shift?
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More than 5% of neuts are band cellsor younger
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What is a right shift?
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More than 5% of neuts are hypersegmented
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What is neutrophilia? Causes?
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Increase in # of neuts - muscular activity, emotional stimuli, bacterial infections
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What is neutropenia? Causes?
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Decrease in # of neuts - viral infections, SEVERE bacterial infections
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What is eosinophilia? Causes?
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increase in # of eos - parasitism, allergies
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What is eosinopenia?
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decrease in # of Eos - RARE, normal count can be 0
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What is basophilia? Causes?
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increase in # of basos - hyperthyroidism, heartworm
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What is lymphocytosis? Causes?
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increase in # of lymphocytes - adrenaline, certain cancers, young animals
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What is lymphocytopenia? Causes?
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decrease in # of lymphs - chronic infections, radiation exposure
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What is monocytosis? Causes?
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increase in # of monos - chronic inflammatory dzs, obstructions
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What is anemia? Causes?
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Decreased # of RBCs - blood loss, hemorrhage, and parasites
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What is polycythemia?
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increased # of RBCs - usually relative increases due to decreased plasma
**opposite of anemia** |
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What is thromocytosis? Causes?
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increase # of platelets - injury, steroids, post-splenectomy
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What is thrombocytopenia? Causes?
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decreased # of platelets - hormone tx
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What is poikilocytosis?
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increased variation in SHAPE of RBCs
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What are spherocytes? Hallmark for?
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RBCs that are not biconcave, they are round and lack central pallor. Hallmark cell for Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia - AIHA
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What are leptocytes? Associated with?
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Target cells - look like a bullseye due to membrane defect - associated with chronic liver dz
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What are schistocytes? Associated with?
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Fragmented RBCs - associated with severe burn cases, and IDA
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What are echinocytes? Caused by?
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spiky, shrunken RBCs - preparation artifact
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What are acanthocytes? Associated with?
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Spiky RBCs - NOT not tech error, serious pathological condition associated w/ hepatic lipidosis and liver dz
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What is a Howell-jolly body? Associated with?
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sm portion of a nucleus that has been retained in a cell - associated w/ splenectomy
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What is a Heinz body? Associated with?
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inclusion of denatured precipitated hemoglobin, hang wout toward the edge of the cell - associated w/ Tylenol, onion and propylene glycol toxicity
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What is roleaux?
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chained or rolled coin appearance of RBCs
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What is agglutination?
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RBCs irregulary clumped together
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What is the formulafor a corrected WBC count?
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actual WBC count x 100 divided by 100 + # of NRBc
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What is the normal range of RBCs for dogs im millions/ul? Average?
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5.5-8.5, 6.8 avg
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What is the normal range of RBCs for cats in millions/ul? Average?
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5.5-10.0, avg 7.5
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What is the normal PCV% range for dogs? Average?
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37-55, 45.5% avg
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What is the normal PCV% range for cats? Avg?
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24-45, 37% avg
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What is the normal Hemoglobin range (g/dl) for dogs? Avg?
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12-18, 14.9 avg
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What is the normal Hemoglobin range for cats? Avg?
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8-14, 12 avg
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What is the normal WBC/ul for dogs? Avg?
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6,000-18,000
11,000 avg |
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What is the normal WBC/ul range for cats? Avg?
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5,500-19,500
12,500 avg |
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What is the normal platelet range (n x 100,000/ul) for dogs? Avg?
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2-5
3.4 avg |
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What is the normal platelet range (n x 100,000/ul) for cats? Avg?
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3-8
4.5 avg |
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What is the normal TP range in g/dl for dogs?
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4.9-9.0
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What is the normal TP range in g/dl for cats?
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6.2-9.0
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