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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mannitol rx
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shock
drug overdose ^ intracranial/intraocular pressure |
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mannitol
s/e |
pulmonary edema
dehydration contraindicated in anuria, CHF |
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acetazolamide causes a
_ diuresis |
Na HCO3
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acetazolamide rx
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glaucoma
altitude sickness urinary alkalinization metabolic alkalosis |
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acetazolamide s/e
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hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
neuropathy NH3 toxicity sulfa allergy |
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furosemide
a big point about its mechanism |
abolishes hypertonicity of medulla
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diuretics:
which increase calcium excretion calcium retention |
loops lose calcium
thiazides v Ca++ excretion |
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furosemide rx
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edematous states
--chf --cirrhosis --nephrotic syndrome --pulmonary edema hypertension hypercalcemia |
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this diuretic has a s/e
of pulmonary edema this diuretic treats pulmonary edema |
mannitol
furosemide |
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furosemide
s/e |
OH DANG
ototoxicity hypokalemia dehydration allergy (sulfa) nephritis (interstitial) gout |
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ethacrynic acid
rx |
diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs
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this diuretic is for patients who are allergic to sulfa drugs
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ethacrynic acid
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HCTZ
rx |
hypertension
CHF idiopathic hypercalciuria nephrogenic diabetes insipidus |
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HCTZ
s/e |
losing H+, K+, Na+ :
--hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis --hyponatremia ------------------------ HyperGLUC: hyperGlycemia hyperLipidemia hyperUricemia hyperCalcemia sulfa allergy |
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gout re:
loop diuretics thiazides |
s/e's:
furosemide: gout HCTZ: hyperuricemia --------------------------- ethacrynic acid: can be used in patients who have hyperuricemia |
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K+ sparing diuretics
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spironolactone
eplerenone triamterene amiloride |
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spironolactone
moa |
aldosterone receptor antagonist
in the CCT |
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triamterene and amiloride
moa |
blocking Na+ channels
in the CCT |
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K+ sparing diuretics
rx |
hyperaldosteronism
K+ depletion CHF |
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s/e common to K+ sparing diuretics
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hyperkalemia
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spironolactone s/e
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gynecomastia
antiandrogen effects |
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electrolyte changes caused by diuretics:
urine NaCl |
all 4 types of diuretics:
^ urine NaCl may v serum NaCl as a result |
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electrolyte changes caused by diuretics:
urine K+ |
^ (all diuretics except
K+ sparing diuretics) may v serum K+ as a result |
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which diuretics --> acidemia ?
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carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
K+ sparing diuretics |
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how do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors affect blood pH?
mechanism? |
acidemia
v HCO3- reabsorption |
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how do K+ sparing diuretics
--> acidemia? moa? |
aldosterone blockade prevents
--K+ secretion --H+ secretion --> hyperkalemia leads to K+ entering cells H+ exiting cells |
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what diuretics -->
alkalemia |
loop diuretics and thiazides
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how do loop diuretics and thiazides impact blood pH?
mechanism? |
1. "contraction alkalosis":
volume contraction --> ^ AT II --> ^ Na+/H+ exchange in proximal tubule--> ^ HCO3- in blood 2. K+ loss --> K+ exiting body cells --> H+ entering body cells 3. low K+ state --> H+ (rather than K+) is exchanged for Na+ in CCT --> --alkalosis --"paradoxical aciduria" |
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urine calcium
what diuretics do what? |
loop diuretics ^ urine calcium
thiazides v urine calcium |
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thiazides
affect urine calcium how? |
v urine calcium
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how do thiazides v urine calcium?
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1) volume depletion -->
upregulation of sodium reabsorption--> enhanced paracellular Ca++ reabsorption in proximal tubule and loop of Henle 2) block luminal Na+/Cl- cotransport in DCT --> ^ Na+ gradient--> ^ interstitial Na+/Ca++ exchange--> hypercalcemia |
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ACE inhibitors
one mechanistic reason for some of their side effects |
by inhibiting ACE they
prevent inactivation of bradykinin |
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bradykinin is a _
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potent vasodilator
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ACE inhibitors
3 molecules they decrease/increase |
v AT II
prevent inactivation of bradykinin ^ release of renin (due to loss of feedback inhibition) |
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ACE inhibitors s/e
(8) |
cough
angioedema taste changes rash *hyperkalemia* proteinuria hypotension fetal renal damage |
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ACE inhibitors
electrolyte effects |
hyperkalemia
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ACE inhibitors contraindications
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avoid in pts with renal artery stenosis
b/c ACE inhibitors v GFR by preventing AT II mediated constriction of efferent arterioles |
