Z Boards First Aid Micro Viruses

Front 1

live attenuated vaccines don't need...

Back 1

booster

Front 2

recombinant vaccines

Back 2

HBV
HPV

Front 3

killed vaccines

Back 3

killed for putting on AIRS
salK = Killed

hep A
influenza
rabies
salk polio

Front 4

live vaccines

Back 4

smallpox
yellow fever
chicken pox
sabin's polio
MMR

Front 5

the only live vaccine you can give to HIV + patients

Back 5

MMR

Front 6

all DNA viruses except _ are dsDNA

Back 6

parvoviridae

("part-of-a-virus")

Front 7

all DNA viruses are linear except _ which are circular

Back 7

papilloma
polyoma
hepadna

Front 8

all RNA viruses except _ are ssRNA

Back 8

reoviridae
rotavirus

Front 9

+ssRNA viruses

Back 9

i went to a Retro Toga party and drank Flavored Corona and ate Hippy California Pickles

retrovirus
togavirus
flavivirus
caronavirus
hepevirus
calicivirus
picornavirus

Front 10

most dsDNA except _

and +ssRNA viruses

are infectious

Back 10

poxviruses
HBV

Front 11

a "diploid" virus (i.e. has 2 copies of its genetic material)

Back 11

retroviruses

Front 12

all DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus except _

Back 12

poxvirus

Front 13

all RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except _

Back 13

influenza virus
retrovirus

Front 14

naked viruses include

Back 14

Naked CPR and PAPP smear

Calicivirus
Picornavirus
Reovirus
----------------------
*Parvovirus
*Adenovirus
*Papilloma
----------------
Polyoma

* a DNA naked virus

Front 15

a virus which acquires its envelope from nuclear membrane

Back 15

herpesvirus

Front 16

DNA enveloped viruses

Back 16

herpesviruses
--HSV
--VZV
--CMV
--EBV

HBV
smallpox

Front 17

DNA nucleocapsid viruses

Back 17

adenovirus
papillomaviruses
parvovirus

Front 18

RNA enveloped viruses

Back 18

influenza
parainfluenza
RSV

M
M
R

rabies
HTLV
HIV

Front 19

RNA nucleocapsid viruses

Back 19

enteroviruses: "PEaCH"
--poliovirus
--echovirus
--coxsackievirus
--HAV

rhinovirus
reovirus (rotavirus)

Front 20

in general, all DNA viruses are (5)

Back 20

HH A PPPPy viruses
--hepadna
--herpes
--adeno
--pox
--parvo
--papilloma
--polyoma

double stranded
--except parvo

linear
--except papilloma, polyoma, hepadna

icosahedral
--except pox (complex)

replicate in nucleus
--except pox

Front 21

a circular, incomplete virus

Back 21

hepadna

Front 22

HSV-1 importantly--> (1)

Back 22

keratoconjunctivitis

Front 23

CMV --> (3)

Back 23

--AIDS retinitis
--infects transplant recipients
--congenital defects
--pneumonia
--mononucleosis (negative monospot)

Front 24

HHV-6

Back 24

roseola (examnthem subitum)

Front 25

EBV --> cancerous...

Back 25

Hodgkin's
endemic Burkitt's lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Front 26

herpesviruses classification

Back 26

enveloped
dsDNA
linear

Front 27

partial circular dsDNA virus

Back 27

hepadnavirus

Front 28

ssDNA virus

Back 28

parvovirus

Front 29

circular dsDNA viruses

Back 29

papillomavirus
polyomavirus

hepadnavirus (partial circular)

Front 30

adenovirus --> (5)

Back 30

fever
sore throat
acute hemorrhagic cystitis
pneumonia
conjunctivitis (watery)

Front 31

the notable parvovirus

Back 31

B19

Front 32

B19 parvovirus -->

Back 32

--aplastic crisis in sickle cell

--"slapped cheeks" rash in kids
(erythema infectiosum = 5th disease)

RBC destruction --> hydrops fetalis and death

adults
--RBC aplasia
--rheumatoid arthritis-like sxs

Front 33

HPV viruses that cause warts

Back 33

1,2,6,11

Front 34

the notable polyomavirus

Back 34

JC virus

Front 35

JC polyomavirus -->

Back 35

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV

Front 36

an obscure poxvirus

Back 36

molluscum contagiosum

Front 37

molluscum contagiosum -->

Back 37

flesh-colored dome lesions

with central dimple

Front 38

VZV can surprisingly cause (2)

Back 38

encephalitis
pneumonia

Front 39

HHV-6 roseola sxs

Back 39

high fevers for several days

can --> seizures

followed by a diffuse macular rash

Front 40

CMV cells histopathology findings

Back 40

owl's eye inclusions

intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions

Front 41

what cells have intranuclear cowdry A inclusions?

Back 41

CMV
VZV
HSV

Front 42

EBV

CMV

latent in what cells?

Back 42

B cells

mononuclear cells

Front 43

tzanck test detects _

Back 43

multinuclear giant cells

Front 44

CMV route of transmission

Back 44

congenital
sex

saliva
urine

transplant
transfusion

Front 45

EBV sxs

Back 45

fever
hepatosplenomegaly
pharyngitis

lymphadenopathy esp posterior cervical

Front 46

EBV hematologic findings

Back 46

EBV infects B cells

------------------------------
"atypical lymphocytes"

= normal T cells reacting to EBV infected cells

Front 47

reovirus family includes _

Back 47

reovirus
rotavirus

Front 48

reovirus -->

Back 48

colorado tick fever

Front 49

#1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children

Back 49

rotavirus

Front 50

picornaviruses include

Back 50

PERCH on a "peak" (pico)

poliovirus
echovirus
rhinovirus
coxsackievirus
hepatitis A virus

Front 51

all picornaviruses cause _ except

all picornaviruses are _ except

Back 51

meningitis

except: rhinovirus, hep A

fecal-oral spread (they're enteroviruses)

except rhinovirus

Front 52

molecular mechanism details of picornaviruses

Back 52

makes one large polypeptide that's cleaved by proteases

Front 53

echovirus -->

Back 53

meningitis

Front 54

2 important causes of the common cold

Back 54

rhinovirus
coronavirus

Front 55

coxsackievirus --> (5)

Back 55

meningitis

fever
pharyngitis
hand, foot, mouth disease
myocarditis

Front 56

caliciviruses include _

Back 56

norwalk virus

Front 57

norwalk virus -->

Back 57

gastroenteritis

Front 58

flaviviruses include

Back 58

HCV
Yellow fever*
Dengue*
St. Louis encephalitis*
West Nile*

*arboviruses

Front 59

arboviruses are by definition _

and include _ 4 + 2 + 3

Back 59

transmitted by arthropods (mosquitos, ticks)

some flaviviruses:
--yellow fever
--dengue
--st. louis encephalitis
--west nile

some togaviruses:
--eastern equine encephalitis
--western equine encephalitis

some bunyaviruses:
--california encephalitis
--sandfly/rift valley fevers
--crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever

Front 60

togaviruses include

Back 60

rubella
EEE*
WEE*

*arboviruses

Front 61

retroviruses include HIV and _ which causes _

Back 61

HTLV -- T cell leukemia

Front 62

coronavirus causes

Back 62

common cold
SARS

Front 63

influenza is in what virus family?

Back 63

orthomyxovirus

Front 64

paramyxoviruses include

Back 64

PaRaMyxoviruses:

Parainfluenza
RSV
Measles
Mumps

Front 65

measles is aka

Back 65

rubeola

Front 66

croup is caused by _

Back 66

parainfluenza

Front 67

measles and mumps are in what virus family?

Back 67

paramyxoviruses

Front 68

rabies is caused by what virus family?

Back 68

rhabdoviruses

Front 69

filoviruses -->

Back 69

ebola/marburg

Front 70

ebola and _ cause what sxs?

Back 70

marburg

hemorrhagic fever

Front 71

ebola and marburg are in what viral family?

Back 71

filoviruses

Front 72

arenaviruses include. comments?

Back 72

LCMV -- lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

Lassa fever encephalitis -- spread by mice

Front 73

bunyaviruses include

Back 73

--california encephalitis *
--sandfly/rift valley fevers *
--crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever *
--hantavirus

Front 74

hantavirus causes

Back 74

hemorrhagic fever
pneumonia

Front 75

-ssRNA viruses:

--molecular mechanism

--examples?

Back 75

they use their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

"Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication"

Arenaviruses
Bunyaviruses
Paramyxoviruses
Orthomyxoviruses
Filoviruses
Rhabdoviruses

Front 76

segmented viruses include

Back 76

BOAR

bunyaviruses
orthomyxoviruses
arenaviruses
reoviruses

Front 77

segmented viruses are all classified as _

Back 77

RNA viruses

Front 78

structure of influenza genome

Back 78

8 segments of -ssRNA

Front 79

why does rhinovirus not infect _ like the other picornaviruses?

Back 79

the GI tract

it's destroyed by stomach acid

Front 80

yellow fever tx

Back 80

Aedes mosquitos

monkey or human reservoir

Front 81

yellow fever sxs

Back 81

high fever
black vomitus
jaundice

Front 82

rotavirus genome structure

Back 82

dsRNA

Front 83

epi of rotavirus

Back 83

--most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis

USA:
--winter
--day-care centers

Front 84

rotavirus physiology

Back 84

villous destruction, atrophy -->

v absorption of Na+ and water

Front 85

influenza viruses description of overall structure and genome structure (5)

Back 85

enveloped
ssRNA
segmented

Front 86

molecular mechanism point about influenza

Back 86

hemagglutinin (viral entry)

neuraminidase
(progeny virion release)

Front 87

family of rubella virus

Back 87

togavirus

Front 88

rubella -->

Back 88

"3-day measles"

fever
postauricular tenderness
lymphadenopathy
arthralgias
fine truncal rash

Front 89

RSV --> _ in infants

Back 89

bronchiolitis
pneumonia

Front 90

all the paramyxoviruses contain _ molecule...

Back 90

fusion protein

respiratory epithelial cells to fuse --> multinucleated cells

Front 91

of course ribavirin is used to rx RSV

but _ drug is used in RSV to neutralize _

Back 91

palivizumab

Front 92

pavilizumab rx, moa

Back 92

RSV

neutralize fusion protein

Front 93

measles is aka _

Back 93

rubeola

Front 94

rubella is aka _

Back 94

german (3-day) measles

Front 95

koplik spots

Back 95

red spots
blue-white center
buccal mucosa

Front 96

measles -->

Back 96

cough
coryza (head cold)
conjunctivitis
koplik spots

rash:
--presents last
--spreads from head to toe.
--includes hands & feet

SSPE years later
encephalitis
giant cell pneumonia (in immunosuppressed)

Front 97

rash in measles vs. rubella

Back 97

measles: includes hands & feet

rubella: truncal rash

Front 98

mumps virus (4)

Back 98

parotitis
orchitis
aseptic meningitis
sterility, esp. after puberty

Front 99

rabies virus histopathology

Back 99

negri bodies
bullet-shaped capsid

Front 100

negri bodies

Back 100

cytoplasmic inclusions

often found in Purkinje cells

Front 101

rabies transmission

Back 101

in USA, "BRS":

bats, raccoons, skunks more than dogs

Front 102

rabies sxs

Back 102

fever
malaise-->agitation

photophobia
hydrophobia-->paralysis
coma-->death

Front 103

rubeola
roseola

Back 103

measles
HHV-6

Front 104

roseola two most notable sxs

Back 104

high fevers

followed by diffuse maculopapular rash

Front 105

3 general sxs of hepatitis viruses

Back 105

episodes of

fever
jaundice
^ ALT, AST

Front 106

incubation time:

hep a

hep b

Back 106

3 weeks

3 months

Front 107

hep a usual clinical presentation

Back 107

asymptomatic!

Front 108

the only hepatitis virus with a DNA genome

Back 108

hep b

Front 109

viral families:

hep e

hep d

Back 109

hepevirus

deltavirus

Front 110

hep b transmission

Back 110

parenteral
sexual
maternal-fetal

Front 111

hepatitis viruses classification:

dna/rna, family

Back 111

HAV: RNA picornavirus
HBV: DNA hepadnavirus
HCV: RNA flavivirus
HDV: RNA deltavirus
HEV: RNA hepevirus

Front 112

HCV is a common cause of hepatitis in who...?

Back 112

transfusion pts
IV drug users

Front 113

HDV is defective and requires _ (molecule) for what?

Back 113

HBsAg as its envelope

Front 114

HDV patterns of infection with HBV (2)

Back 114

coinfect
superinfect (worse prognosis)

Front 115

HEV can notably cause (2)

Back 115

water-borne epidemics

high mortality rate in pregnant women

Front 116

_ is a marker for active hepatitis A. but

_ indicates (2)

Back 116

indicates prior hep A infection

protects against reinfection

Front 117

important hep B antigens

Back 117

HBsAg
Anti-HBsAg

HBcAg
Anti-HBcAg

HBeAg
Anti-HBeAg

Front 118

HBsAg

Anti-HBsAg

indicate...

Back 118

hep B infection

immunity to hep B

Front 119

Anti-HBcAg

indicates

Back 119

IgM = acute/recent infection


IgG = chronic disease.

Positive during window period

Front 120

window period

Back 120

HBsAg and Anti-HBsAg are -

because they are bound to each other

but Anti-HBcAg is +

Front 121

HBeAg

Anti-HBeAg

indicate...

Back 121

active viral replication and therefore high transmissibility

low transmissibility

Front 122

HIV binds to _

Back 122

CXCR4, CD4 on T cells

CCR5, CD4 on macrophages

Front 123

HIV genes and proteins

Back 123

gag:
p17 matrix protein
p24 capsid protein

env:
gp120 attachment
gp41 fusion & entry

pol:
reverse transcriptase

Front 124

AIDS diagnosis (3)

Back 124

< 200 CD4+

HIV +, with AIDS indicator condition e.g. pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

CD4/CD8 ratio < 1.5

Front 125

normal CD4 count

Back 125

500-1500

Front 126

_ AIDS antibody crosses the placenta

Back 126

anti-gp120

Front 127

during HIV's latent phase, the virus replicates in _

Back 127

lymph nodes

Front 128

AIDS comes on in _ years after HIV infection, if left untreated

Back 128

3 - 10 (or more)

Front 129

AIDS infections:

brain

Back 129

cryptococcal meningitis
toxoplasmosis
CMV encephalopathy
AIDS dementia
PML (JC virus)

Front 130

AIDS infections:

eyes

Back 130

CMV retinitis

Front 131

AIDS infections:

mouth and throat

Back 131

thrush (Candida albicans)
HSV
CMV
oral hairy leukoplakia (EBV)

Front 132

AIDS infections:

GI

Back 132

cryptosporidiosis

mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex

CMV colitis

non-HOdgkin's lymphoma (EBV)

Isospora belli

Front 133

AIDS infections:

skin

Back 133

shingles (VZV)
Kaposi's sarcoma

Front 134

AIDS infections:

genitals

Back 134

genital herpes
warts
cervical cancer

Front 135

HIV infections and CD4 count:

<400

Back 135

oral thrush

tinea pedis

reactivation VZV

reactivation TB

bacterial infections e.g.
--H. influenzae
--S. pneumoniae
--Salmonella

Front 136

HIV infections and CD4 count:

<200

Back 136

reactivation HSV

cryptosporidiosis

Isospora

disseminated coccidioidomycosis

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Front 137

HIV infections and CD4 count:

<100

Back 137

Candidal esophagitis

toxoplasmosis

histoplasmosis

Front 138

HIV infections and CD4 count:

<50

Back 138

CMV retinitis and esophagitis

disseminated
M. avium-intracellulare

cryptococcal meningoencephalitis

Front 139

neoplasms associated with HIV

Back 139

kaposi's sarcoma

cervical carcinoma

1^ CNS lymphoma

non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Front 140

prion diseases are caused by conversion of prion protein _ to _

Back 140

PrPc

to a beta-pleated form PrPsc

Front 141

prions:

accumulation of PrPsc results in (4)

Back 141

spongiform encephalopathy
dementia
ataxia
death

Front 142

prion disease: 3 categories

Back 142

sporadic
--Creutzfeldt-Jakob

inherited
--Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker

acquired
--kuru