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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which normal flora bacterium is more abundant in the colon?
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bacteroides fragilis > e coli
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vagina normal flora
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lactobacillus
colonized by e coli group B strep |
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food poisoning:
staph aureus is found in what foods? |
meats
mayonnaise custard |
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food poisoning:
_ bug in reheated meat dishes |
clostridium perfringens
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clostridium perfringens food poisoning is notable in _
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reheated meat dishes
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salmonella food poisoning: source
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poultry
meat eggs |
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causes of bloody diarrhea (8)
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campylobacter
salmonella shigella EHEC EIEC clostridium difficile (both watery & bloody) yersinia enterocolitica entamoeba histolytica |
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causes of watery diarrhea (9)
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ETEC
vibrio cholerae c. perfringens --giardia --cryptosporidium in immunocompromised rotavirus adenovirus norwalk virus c. difficile causes both watery & bloody |
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viruses that cause watery diarrhea
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rotavirus
adenovirus norwalk virus |
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causes of neonatal = ____
pneumonia |
< 4 weeks
group B strep e coli |
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causes of pneumonia in children =
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4 wk - 18 yr
viruses (RSV) mycoplasma chlamydia pneumonia strep pneumo runts may cough sputum |
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causes of pneumonia in young = adults
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18-40
mycoplasma chlamydia pneumonia strep pneumo |
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causes of pneumonia in middle aged = adults
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40-65
strep pneumo h influenzae anaerobes viruses mycoplasma SHAVe Me |
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causes of pneumonia in elderly
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Seldom
Invalids Are Happy and Gregarious strep pneumo influenzae anaerobes h influenzae gram negative rods |
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h influenzae commonly causes pneumoniae in what age groups?
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middle age adults (40-65)
elderly |
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chlamydia pneumoniae commonly causes pneumonia in what age groups?
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children 4wk - 18yr
adults 18-40 |
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mycoplasma commonly causes pneumonia in what age groups?
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children 4wk - 18 yr
adults 18-40 adults 40-65 |
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anaerobes commonly cause pneumonia in what age groups?
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adults 40-65
elderly |
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___ --> nosocomial pneumonia
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staph
enteric g - rods |
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____ --> pneumonia in immunocompromised
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staph
enteric g - rods fungi viruses pneumocystis jiroveci (HIV) |
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_ commonly cause aspiration pneumonia
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anaerobes
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__ --> pneumonia in
alcoholics IV drug users |
strep pneumo
klebsiella staph |
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___ --> postviral pneumonia
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staph
h influenzae |
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measles is aka _
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rubeola
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_ are in contaminated seafood
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vibrio parahaemolyticus
vibrio vulnificus |
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vibrio vulnificus
--exposure sources --resulting disease |
contaminated seafood
--> food poisoning ------------------------------------------ contaminated water or shellfish -->wound infections |
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common causes of meningitis
--newborns |
0-6 months
Group B strep E coli Listeria il n'est pas BEL parce qu'il avait meningitis quant il etait enfant |
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common causes of meningitis
--children |
6 months - 6 years
strep pneumo neisseria meningitidis haemophilus influenzae type B enteroviruses "Some Noggins Hurt Externallly" |
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common causes of meningiits
~ adolescents, adults |
6-60
neisseria meningitis enteroviruses strep pneumo HSV "NESHeria" meningitis |
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meningitis in elderly
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> 65 yrs
strep pneumo G- rods listeria |
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listeria causes meningitis in _
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newborns 0-6 months
elderly >65 yrs |
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viral causes of meningitis
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enteroviruses esp coxsackievirus
HSV HIV west nile VZV |
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HIV causes of meningitis (4)
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cryptococcus
CMV toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) JC virus (PML) |
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CSF findings in meningitis:
bacteria fungal/TB viral |
pressure cell
^ PMNs ^ lymphocytes normal/^ lymphocytes protein sugar ^ v ^ v normal/^ normal |
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osteomyelitis epi
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most osteomyelitis occurs in children
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labs for osteomyelitis
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CRP
ESR but nonspecific |
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cause of osteomyelitis in sexually active people
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sexually active
--neisseria gonorrhoeae (rare--septic arthritis is more common) |
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osteomyelitis is sickle cell patients
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salmonella
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osteomyelitis in a patient with a prosthetic replacement
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staph aureus
staph epidermidis |
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UTI sxs (5)
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dysuria
frequency urgency suprapubic pain WBCs but not WBC casts |
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pyelonephritis sxs (4)
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fever, chills
flank pain, CVA tenderness hematuria WBC casts |
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UTIs predisposing factors
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10x more common in women
obstruction kidney surgery catheterization GU malformation pregnancy diabetes |
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2 lab markers that distinguish different types of UTIs
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leukocyte esterase
--bacterial UTI nitrite --gram-negative UTI --(except staph saprophyticus) |
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WBC casts mean (3)
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tubulointerstitial inflammation
pyelonephritis transplant rejection |
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UTI bugs
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e coli
staph saprophyticus klebsiella serratia enterobacter cloacae proteus pseudomonas |
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stayphylococcus saprophyticus UTI is notable in what patients?
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sexually active women
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kelbsiella micro lab visual description
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mucoid capsule
viscous colonies |
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3 causes of UTI that are often nosocomial and drug resistant
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serratia marcescens
enterobacter cloacae pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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proteus mirabilis 3 lab facts
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motility causes "swarming" on agar
urease struvite stones |
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nonspecific signs of many ToRCHeS infections include
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hepatosplenomegaly
jaundice thrombocytopenia growth retardation |
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toxoplasma gondii
tx |
aerosolized cat feces
undercooked meat e.g. pork |
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maternal manifestations of toxoplasma gondii
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usu asymptomatic
lymphadenopathy (rarely) |
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toxoplasma gondii classic triad
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chorioretinitis
hydrocephalus intracranial calcifications |
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rubella
tx |
respiratory droplets
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rubella sxs in the mother
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rash
lymphadenopathy arthritis |
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rubella sxs in the neonate (4)
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PDA (or pulmonary artery hopoplasia)
cataracts deafness +/- "blueberry muffin" rash |
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CMV manifestations in the neonate
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hearing loss
seizures petechial rash |
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HIV manifestations in the neonate
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recurrent infections
chronic diarrhea |
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syphilis manifestations in the neonate
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often:
stillbirth hydrops fetalis if child survives: notched aka Hutchinson's teeth saddle nose mulberry molars aka short maxilla saber shins |
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rubella
--rash pattern --one other notable symptom |
begins at head and moves down
postauricular lymphadenopathy |
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rash and postauricular lymphadenopathy, think _
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rubella
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thinking about sxs of the mumps virus...
it does not have _ but does have _ |
rash
meningitis |
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VZV rash pattern (3)
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begins on trunk
spreads to face and extremities lesions of different age |
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roseola is from what virus?
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HHV-6
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roseola usu affects what people?
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infants
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description of parvovirus B19
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"slapped cheeks" on face
later appears on body in a reticular "lace-like" pattern |
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strep pyogenes scarlet fever rash description
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erythematous
sandpaper-like |
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coxsackievirus type A rash description
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vesicular rash on palms and soles
ulcers in oral mucosa |
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a neurological symptom of syphilis besides tabes dorsalis and argyll robertson pupil
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general paresis
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chancroid is caused by _
sxs? |
haemophilus ducreyi
painful genital ulcer inguinal adenopathy |
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lymphogranuloma venereum
sxs |
ulcers
lymphadenopathy rectal strictures |
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genital warts are called _
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condylomata acuminata
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bacterial vaginosis (4)
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noninflammatory
malodorous discharge (fishy smell) positive whiff test clue cells |
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PID --> 2 sxs
possible complications: (5) |
cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign)
purulent cervical discharge salpingitis endometritis hydrosalpinx tubo-ovarian abscess Fitz-Hugh-Curtis |
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hydrosalpinx is (3)
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2^ PID
distally blocked fallopian tube filled with serous or clear fluid |
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the two most common causes of nosocomial infections
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e coli (uti)
staph aureus (wounds) |
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nosocomial infections @ the newborn nursery
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CMV
RSV |
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nosocomial infections 2^ urinary catheterization
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e coli
proteus mirabilis |
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nosocomial infection 2^ respiratory therapy equipment use
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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work in renal dialysis unit as risk factor for infection with _
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HBV
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hyperalimentation as nosocomial risk factor for _
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candida
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candida nosocomial infection: risk factor
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hyperalimentation
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bugs that cause nosocomial infection
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CMV, RSV
--newborn nursery E coli, Proteus --urinary catheterization Pseudomonas --respiratory therapy equipment HBV --work in renal dialysis unit Candida --hyperalimentation Legionella --water aerosols |
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Histoplasma in HIV
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low-grade fevers
cough hepatosplenmegaly oval yeast within macrophages |
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histoplasma in immunocompetent hosts
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only pulmonary sxs
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HIV patients:
superficial vascular proliferation vs superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature |
Bartonella henselae (causes bacillary angiomatosis).
neutrophilic inflammation --------------------------------------- HHV-8: Kaposi's sarcoma lymphocytic inflammation |
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a mechanism of JC virus harming the brain of HIV pt
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demyelination
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toxoplasma gondii (2) sxs caused in AIDS pts
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abscesses
ring-enhancing lesions on imaging |
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CMV retinitis in HIV patient
clinical findings |
cotton-wool spots on funduscopic exam
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an EBV lymphoma that First Aid mentions in HIV patients
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non-Hodgkin's (large cell type)
oropharynx (Waldeyer's ring i.e. tonsillar area) |
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(4) interesting causes of lung disease in HIV patients
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CMV
invasive aspergillosis pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia M. avium intracellulare |
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CMV causes what kind of pneumonia in aids patients?
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interstitial
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hiv patient:
invasive aspergillosis sxs |
pleuritic pain
hemoptysis infiltrates on imaging |
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m. avium intracellulare esp gets hiv pts if CD4 < ____
pneumocystis jiroveci gets hiv pts if CD4 < |
50
200 |
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unimmunized children are afffected notably by (5
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rubella
measles poliovirus --meningitis diphtheria h. influenzae type b --epiglottitis --meningitis |
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poliovirus can cause (3)
notable in unimmunized children |
meningitis
myalgia paralysis |
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a serious complication of diphgheria
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airway obstruction by
"pseudomembrane" exudate |
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diphtheria toxin causes (3)
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necrosis in
pharynx cardiac CNS tissue |
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epiglottitis sxs (5)
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fever
dysphagia drooling difficulty breathing cherry red epiglottitis |
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infection of a surgical wound: think _ bacterium
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staph aureus
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asplenic patients are vulnerable to _ microorganisms
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encapsulated bugs, especially SHiN
strep pneumo haemophilus influenzae type B neisseria meningitidis |
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CGD patients are vulnerable to
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catalase-positive bugs e.g.
staph aureus nocardia aspergillus |
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if all else fails, and you have to diagnose infection in a neutropenic patient...
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candida albicans (systemic)
aspergillus |
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lyme disease causes a neurologic symptom...
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bilateral Bell's palsy
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