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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anesthesia - local anesthesia
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Anesthesia - local anesthesia
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How to local anesthetics work?
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prevent sensory nerve xmission at axon, may also control voluntary motor control of a body part
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Do local anesthetics effect the brain?
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Not when properly dosed - they reach the brain only in vy dilute amounts
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What are some application methods for local anesthetics (7)?
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topical, infiltration, nerve blocks, line/ring blocks, intr-articular, regional anesthesia, epidural
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Three topical application methods
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skin, eyes, mm
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What is the most common application method for topical anesthetics?
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infiltration
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Describe infiltration application of a local anesthetics and what it is used for
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drug is injected SC around site and difuses to site - used for wounds, small skin cysts, tumors, warts
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How does nerve block application of local anesthetics work? Used for?
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drug injected near (not into) specific nerve & blocks sensation from area distal to inj site - used for lameness examns in horses & cattle, and bovine dohorning, eye surg, etc
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Describe line/ring block - what used for?
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continuous line or ring of drug injected proximal to body part - used for feline declaws & bovine teat or digit surg
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Describe intra-articular application - what used for?
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drug injected into joint - used for post surgical pain mgmt
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describe regional anesthetic application - what used for?
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drugs injected where major nerves exit spinal cord - used for analgesia of entire limb, caudal trunk
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Describe epidural application
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drug placed into epidural space, administerd through dorsal aspect of lumbosacral space, blocks sensation & motor control caudal to injection
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What is epidural application used for?
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LA obstetric & vaginal prolapses, SA c-section, post-surg mgmt of profound pain
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What are some precautions for epidural application (4)?
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Reqs ventral recumbency & sedation, reqs surgical clip & prep, elevate head to prev drug from traveling forward
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What application method may cause inflammation, swelling, and delayed wound healing?
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infiltration
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Injection into a nerve may cause temporary ___ or permanent ___
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temp neuritis, perm nerve damage
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If a local anesthetic drug reaches the brain in high concentration, what may happen?
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seizures, death
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injections of any local anesthetic req ___ & ___
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clip & prep
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What is potentiation?
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One drug increases the effectiveness of another drug
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What drug potentiates local anesthetics by causing peripheral vasoconstriction which delays absorption of the drug thus it stays in the site longer?
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Epinephrine
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Name some loca anesthetics (6)
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Lidocaine, Bupivicaine, Mepivicaine, Procaine, Proparacaine, Cetacaine
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What is the most common local anesthetic? Onset? duration?
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Lidcaine, immediate onset, duration of 1-2 hours
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What local anesthetic is used in horses and has less tissue reaction?
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Mepivicaine
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What local anesthetic is fairly common, has a slower onset than Lidocaine and longer duration
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Bupivicaine
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What local anesthetic may be used in bovines?
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Procaine
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What local anesthetic is a ophthalmic topical?
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Proparacaine
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What local anesthetic used to be used for feline intubation but was found to cause Heinz body anemia?
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Cetacaine
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