Year 9 Exam Flash Cards. (2)

Front 1

Adrenal Gland

Back 1

The human body has two adrenal glands that release chemicals called hormones into the bloodstream.

Front 2

Adrenaline

Back 2

Adrenaline is the hormone released by the adrenal gland. It increases rates of blood circulation, breathing, and carbohydrate metabolism and prepares muscles for exertion.

Front 3

Axon

Back 3

The axon carries an electrial nerve impulse down of the neurone.

Front 4

Brain

Back 4

The brain is a part of the Central Nervous System.

Front 5

Cell Body

Back 5

The cell body holds the nucleus. And also has the dendrites off of the sides.

Front 6

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Back 6

The Central Nervous System is made up of the brain and the spinal cord.

Front 7

Cornea

Back 7

The transparent layer forming the front of the eye.

Front 8

Conscious Response

Back 8

1. Stimulus received by receptors. (Organs).

2. Receptors stimulate sensory neurones.

3. Sensory neurones send message to the brain.

4. Brain detemines response.

5. Message sent along motor neurones to the effectors.

6. Effectors put the response into effect. (Muscle glands)

Front 9

Dendrites

Back 9

Are branch like stems coming off of the cell body. Impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body.

Front 10

Effector

Back 10

An organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus.

Front 11

Endocrine System

Back 11

The endocrine system is a chemical communication system.

Front 12

Gland

Back 12

An organ in the human or animal body which secretes particular chemical substances for use in the body or for discharge into the surroundings.

Front 13

Glucose

Back 13

The amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood is an important thing, the body needs to control.

- Too little makes you dizzy.

- Too much makes your blood thick and hard to pump around.

Front 14

Glucagon (Too little)

Back 14

1. Pancreas detects change.

2. Pancreas produces glucagon.

3. Glucagon sends message to muscles.

4. Stored glucose in muscle converted back to glucose and pushed back into the blood.

5. Blood glucose level increased.

Front 15

Glucagon (Too much)

Back 15

1. Pancreas detects change.

2. Pancreas produces insulin.

3. Insulin sends message to muscles.

4. Muscle cells collect glucose and packages it up as glycogen.

5. Blood glucose level decreases.

Front 16

Homeostasis

Back 16

The tendency of the body to seek and maintain a condition of balance or equilibrium within its internal environment, even when faced with external changes.

Front 17

Hormone

Back 17

Substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.

Front 18

Hypothalamus

Back 18

The hypothalamus is located in the brain. It checks the body's internal enviroment.

Front 19

Impluse

Back 19

Neurones carry electrical messages, called nerve impluses around the body.

Front 20

Insulin

Back 20

Insulin is produced when there is too much glucose in the blood.

Front 21

Iris

Back 21

A flat, coloured, ring-shaped membrane behind the cornea of the eye, with an adjustable circular opening (pupil) in the centre.

Front 22

Knobs (Synaptic)

Back 22

When a nerve impulse reaches the knobs, a chemical called neurotransmitter is released into the space between the neurones, called the synapse.

Front 23

Motor Neurone

Back 23

The motor neurone carries messages away from the Cental Nervous System to the sense organ.

Front 24

Myelin Sheath

Back 24

The myelin sheath protects the neurones from one another and increases the speed of the nerve inpulse.

Front 25

Nervous System

Back 25

Is an electrical communication system that controls all parts of the body.

Front 26

Nerve

Back 26

Bundles of nerve fibres are bunched into structures called nerves.

Front 27

Neurone

Back 27

Cells called neurones are the major cells of the nervous system. Neurones end-to-end form nerve fibres.

Front 28

Neurotransmitters

Back 28

Is a chemical released into the space between the neurones called the synapse.

Front 29

Nucleus

Back 29

Is located inside the cell body.

Front 30

Optic Nerve

Back 30

Each of the second pair of cranial nerves, transmitting impulses to the brain from the retina at the back of the eye.

Front 31

Pancreas

Back 31

A large gland behind the stomach which secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum.

Front 32

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Back 32

Is made up sensory receptors, and the nerves that carry the messages to and from the CNS.

Front 33

Pituitary Gland

Back 33

Often called the 'Master Gland' ans it controls many othe glands.

Front 34

Pupil

Back 34

The dark circular opening in the centre of the iris of the eye, which varies in size to regulate the amount of light reaching the retina.

Front 35

Receptors

Back 35

An organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve.

Front 36

Reflex Action

Back 36

A reflex action, differently known as a reflex, is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.

Front 37

Relay Neurone

Back 37

Occurs in the spinal cord and receives a message and passes the message directly to a motor neurone.

Front 38

Retina

Back 38

A layer at the back of the eyeball that contains cells sensitive to light, which trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.

Front 39

Response

Back 39

There are two types of responses; reflax and conscious.

Front 40

Sclera

Back 40

The white outer layer of the eyeball. At the front of the eye it is continuous with the cornea.

Front 41

Sensory Neurones

Back 41

Carry messages away from the cells in the sense organs to the Central Nervous System.

Front 42

Spinal Cord

Back 42

Is part of the Central Nervous System.

Front 43

Stimulus-Response Model

Back 43

Stimulus - Receptor - Sensory Neurone - CNS - Relay Neurone - CNS - Motor Neurone - Effector - Response.

Front 44

Stimulus

Back 44

A thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue

Front 45

Synapse

Back 45

A space between two nerve cells. Where the neurontransmitters travel.

Front 46

Target Cells

Back 46

A cell which bears receptors for a hormone, drug, or other signalling molecule, or is the focus of contact by a virus, phagocyte, nerve fibre, etc.

Front 47

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Back 47

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