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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define variation |
The differences that occur within organisms of the same species. |
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What is DNA? And its structure. |
The molecule that carries genetic code, that determine the genotype and phenotype of an organism. DNA is made of two sugar phosphate backbones, and perpendicular nitrogenous bases. |
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What is a gene? |
A section of DNA that contains genetic information for a trait. Genes code for a protein by specifying the order in which amino acids are joined. |
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What is an allele? |
Alternate versions of the same gene. |
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What is a somatic cell? |
A body cell, all other cells aside from sex cells. |
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What is a gametic cell? |
A sex cell - sperm & egg. |
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What is mitosis? What happens when we grow older? |
Duplication process; repair, growth and replacement of cells. A single cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells. Each cell has a full set of chromosomes - diploid. When you get older cells lose the ability to reproduce and function. |
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What is meiosis? |
It is sexual reproduction; the process of gametic cells. During fertilization the sperm and egg provide 1/2 of the chromosome each. |
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What is a zygote? |
The cell formed by fertilization - egg & sperm. |
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What is a chromosome? And its function. |
A threadlike structure of coiled DNA found in the nucleus of a cell. The unique structure of chromosomes keeps DNA tightly wrapped around spool like proteins called histones. They are used to organize DNA. |
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Define genotype |
The genotype of an organism demonstrates the alleles present for a particular characteristic. |
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Define phenotype |
The physical appearance of the genotype. |
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Which cells have DNA? If so, are they the same DNA? |
All cells have DNA, all DNA in a cells nucleus is the same. |
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What is mono-hybrid inheritance? |
A cross between twoparents who possesses different forms of a gene (alleles.) |
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Who was Mendel and why is he the father of inheritance? |
He was a monk who loved science and nature. While working in the monastery he became curious about variation in pea plants. Mendel's experiments on pea plants involved crossing pure-breeding plants, focusing on one characteristic at a time. He was able to count how often each phenotype occurred in the offspring. Mendel discovered the laws of inheritance. |
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What is selective breeding? |
The process in which humans breed plants or animals to develop particular characteristics. Another name for it is artificial selection. |
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What is the relationship between chromosomes, DNA, genes and alleles? |
A cell's nucleus contains chromosomes made from long DNA molecules, which are condensed. DNA molecules carry the genetic code that determines the characteristics of a living thing. A gene is a short section of DNA. Each gene codes for a certain protein by specifying the order in which amino acids are joined together. The chromosomes in a pair carry the same genes in the same places. But there are alternate versions of the same gene. These are called alleles. |
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What is the difference between somatic cells and gametes? |
Somatic cells are all body cells, apart from sex cells. They contain two copies of a chromosome. A gamete is a sex cell (sperm and egg.) |
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How is sex determined? |
Humans contain one pair of sex chromosomes, which control gender. Males have one X and one Y (XY). Females have two X chromosomes (XX). Because females can only produce X gametes, it is the sperm that determines the sex of the offspring at fertilisation. |
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How do you use Punnett squares to predict inheritance? |
It is a simple way to identify the possible genotypes of offspring, given the genotypes of their parents. It can then be used to calculate the probability of the possible phenotypes. |
