Y2B2 Pharm- Complementary And Alternative Medicine

Front 1

what should you avoid use of complementary and alternative medicine with?

Back 1

conventional drugs

Front 2

what is the origin of digitalis? what is its function?

Back 2

from the foxglove leaves. It inhibits Na/K ATPase.

Front 3

what is the origin of Vinca? what clinical uses do we have for vinca? how do they work?

Back 3

origin: madagascar periwinkle
CU: Vinblastin and vincristine --> both are anti-mitotic spindle drugs which inhibit microtubule spindles. They act by binding to the tubulin monomers and inhibiting polymerization.

Front 4

which anticancer drug derived from a plant does not cause myelosuppresion?

Back 4

vincristine

Front 5

what is the clinical use of taxol?

Back 5

anti-cancer

Front 6

what do the whole leaf extracts of ginkgo biloba carry?

Back 6

maximal potency of: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, radical scavenging, and inhibition of platelet aggregation.

Front 7

what is ginkgo biloba indicated for?

Back 7

alzheimers, vascular dementia, peripheral claudication and Tinnitus

Front 8

what should ginkgo biloba never be used with? how many days should you wait before having surgery after discontinuing taking Ginkgo?

Back 8

antiplatelet agent; 5 days

Front 9

what is saw palmetto used in?

Back 9

tx of sxs related to benign prostatic hyperplasia

Front 10

what drug does saw palmetto have a similar efficacy to?

Back 10

finasteride

Front 11

what is the function of saw palmetto?

Back 11

inhibition of 5 alpha reductase--> preventing the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

Front 12

what is the issue w/ saw palmetto?

Back 12

gives false-negative PSA levels.

Front 13

how long should you stop taking saw palmetto before starting therapeutic benefits for BPH?

Back 13

4 weeks

Front 14

what is the primary use of black cohosh?

Back 14

menopausal sxs

Front 15

in what disease should you avoid black cohosh?

Back 15

breast cancer --> hepatotoxicity risk

Front 16

what types of pts should avoid black cohosh due to the N/V associated w/ black cohosh?

Back 16

pts w/ GERD and peptic ulcer problems.

Front 17

what is St. John's wort used to tx?

Back 17

mild to moderate depression, anxiety or sleep disorders

Front 18

what are the two biologically active constituents of St. John's Wort?

Back 18

hyperforin and hypercin

Front 19

what is the biochemical fxn of st. john's wort?

Back 19

inhibition of serotonin, NE and dopamine reuptake.

Front 20

what affect does St. John's wort have on conventional medication?

Back 20

induction of cytochrome P450 leading to an increased metabolism of all prescribed medications.

Front 21

what prescribed medication does St. John's wort specifically decrease serum levels of?

Back 21

oral contraceptives, simvastatin, protease inhibitors, warfarin

Front 22

why shouldn't someone being txed for HIV/AIDs not take St. John's Wort?

Back 22

because St. john's wort is a protease inhibit which is what HIV/AIDs pts are txed with. St. John's wort will render the medication completely useless.

Front 23

St. John's wort is contraindicated with which set of drugs? why?

Back 23

SSRI's because combining the two can cause SSRI syndrome which will present as a pt w/ relaxation of jaw, ankles, hyperreflexia.. etc

Front 24

what is the most commonly used herbal product?

Back 24

echinachea

Front 25

what is the function of echinachea?

Back 25

improvement of symptoms of common cold and decrease of sxs w/n 1-3 days

Front 26

what type of anti-inflammatory activity does echinachea possess?

Back 26

COX-1 and COX-2

Front 27

what can echinachea cause?

Back 27

allergic rxns, anaphylaxis, xerostomia, constipation, GERD, and exacerbation of autoimmune disorders

Front 28

what affect does echinachea have on conventional medication?

Back 28

it inhibits CYP 450 which cause a decreased metabolism of the conventional drug.

Front 29

T/F

Echinachea + NSAID = Good to go

Back 29

FALSE

Echinachea + NSAID = GI hemorrhage

Front 30

what does ginseng activate/ stimulate?

Back 30

monocytes and stimulation of TNF, IL-2 and gamma interferon

Front 31

what is the fxn of ginseng

Back 31

improvement of vitality, immunity, cognitive function and libido

Front 32

what SEs can ginseng cause?

Back 32

insomnia, diarrhea, vaginal bleeding, schizophrenia, prolongation of QT interval.

Front 33

how does ginseng cause hypoglycemic effects?

Back 33

alters Na/K channels in the islets of langerhans

Front 34

what is the fxn of KAVA?

Back 34

reduction in anxiety, muscle relaxation and tranquilizer

Front 35

how does KAVA cause hyperpolarization and reduces excitation?

Back 35

potentiation of GABA mediated inhibitory neurotransmission

Front 36

how many active ingredients does KAVA have? what are the associated SEs?

Back 36

5 active ingredients. Can cause serious hepatotoxicity cases, exacerbation of parkinsons, and kava dermopathy (irreversible psoriasis)

Front 37

what is CI w/ kava?

Back 37

alcohol and CNS depressants

Front 38

what is noni used as?

Back 38

inhibition of superoxide radical formation, antitumor effects, antiinflammatory, weight loss promotion

Front 39

what CAM is a seashell extract? what three things does it inhibit?

Back 39

glucosamine
inhibits--> proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin E, and phagocytosis and lysozyme release

Front 40

what CAM is very closely associated w/ very severe GERD and peptic ulcer dz?

Back 40

garlic

Front 41

what is the fxn of garlic?

Back 41

inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, reduction in BP, inhibition of platelet aggregation

Front 42

what affect does garlic have on saquinavir bioavailability?

Back 42

reduction

Front 43

what 4 G's will displace warfarin? what does that cause?

Back 43

garlic, ginger, ginseng and ginkgo

- increase the effects of warfarin.