Y2B1- Micro Rti Part 1

Front 1

sx: fever, inflammatory edema of nasal mucosa, initially clear secretions.

Back 1

rhinitis

Front 2

sore throat, red and swollen pharynx, exudates and/or petechial hemorrhagic spots

Back 2

pharyngitis and tonsillitis

Front 3

sore throat, red and swollen pharynx, exudates and/or petechial hemorrhagic spots + vesicles and ulcers on pharyngeal mucosa.

what is the critter (s) that causes this?

Back 3

HSV and pharyngeal candidiasis

Front 4

pseudomembrane in oral cavity.

what critter causes this?

Back 4

pharyngeal diphtheria

Front 5

Multiple ulcers on oral mucosa extending to tongue lips and face.

Back 5

stomatitis

Front 6

single or multiple painful ulcers with irregular margin in the oral cavity. Recur in relation to stress, menses, local trauma and other non-specific stimuli.

Back 6

aphthous stomatitis

Front 7

severe gangrenous type of URTI that progresses beyond the mucus membrane to involve soft tissue, skin, and sometimes bone

Back 7

Noma or cancrum oris

Front 8

in what population is noma usually found?

Back 8

immunocompromised

Front 9

what is the etiology of noma?

Back 9

fusobacterium, bacteroids, and p.aeruginosa

Front 10

local pain (hard to swallow), tonsillar asymmetry with 1 tonsil usually displaced medially by the abscess

Back 10

peritonsillar and retrotonsillar abcesses

Front 11

what population is peritonsillar abscess most commonly found?

Back 11

children above 5 years age and adults

Front 12

Sx: pain, change in phonation, extended neck.

Back 12

retropharyngeal or lateral pharyngeal abcesses

Front 13

most commonly affect is infants and children under 5 years of age and may arise as a complication of pharyngitis.

Back 13

retropharyngeal or lateral pharyngeal

Front 14

what do you always do first when presented with an abscess?

Back 14

drain the abscess

Front 15

what do you treat S. pyogenes infection with?

Back 15

penicillin

Front 16

how do you treat peritonsillar and retrotonsillar abscesses?

Back 16

with antimicrobials

Front 17

throat and neck pain, inspiratory stridor, muffled phonation, difficulty in swallowing.

Back 17

epiglottitis.

Front 18

fever, inspiratory stridor, hoarse phonation, harsh barking cough. (brassy cough).

Back 18

laryngitis and croup

Front 19

sputum and bubbling ronchi, cough, and fever

Back 19

Bronchitis or tracheobronchitis

Front 20

critters to blame for laryngitis and croup?

Back 20

Viruses to blame: Parainfluenza viruses, influenza viruses, adenoviruses, and RSV

Front 21

more common in people who have an underlying lung condition. Lack functional integrity and are susceptible to infections with members of oropharyngeal flora.

Back 21

chronic bronchitis

Front 22

two most common causes of chronic bronchitis

Back 22

S. pneumonia and H. influenza

Front 23

what is the main cause of acute bronchitis in kids?

Back 23

B. pertusis

Front 24

what is the appropriate medium for B. pertusis?

Back 24

chocolate blood agar

Front 25

what is the cut off point between URTI and MRTI?

Back 25

epiglottis

Front 26

3 ways a LRTI may result from

Back 26

may result from aspiration of pathogens, hematogenous spread from a distant site, extension of MRTI.

Front 27

fever, cough, productive purulent sputum.

Back 27

acute pneumonia

Front 28

what critter is to blame for 2/3 of community acquired pneumonia?

Back 28

streptococcus P

Front 29

what two pathogens cause acute pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals?

Back 29

candida albicans and pneumocystis

Front 30

what pathogen is #1 in AIDS patients for causing acute pneumonia?

Back 30

pneumocystis

Front 31

Sx: fever, night sweats, sleeplessness, dyspnea, sputum-long term.

Back 31

chronic pneumonia

Front 32

what are the two common pathogens for chronic pneumonia?

Back 32

mycobacterium Tb and mycobacterium Nocardia

Front 33

purulent infection of pleural space (either from infected lung or abdominal infection).

Back 33

empyema

Front 34

what pathogens cause empyema?

Back 34

anaerobes and S. aureus

Front 35

sx: fever, cough, foul-smelling sputum.

Back 35

lung abscess

Front 36

what does true sputum show?

Back 36

an abundance of inflammatory cells and no squamous epithelial cells

Front 37

what does saliva usually show?

Back 37

squamous eipthelial cells and mixed bacterial population.

Front 38

what is the causative organism for strep throat?

Back 38

streptococcal pyogenes

Front 39

a hazy zone with green discoloration around the colony-

name this -lysis

Back 39

alpha-hemolysis

Front 40

Grows best in enriched media. Identified as a clear zone surrounding the colony.

Back 40

B-hemolytic streptococci

Front 41

Morphology: gram positive oval cells growing in chains. Non acid Fast, not spore forming, nonmotile

Back 41

streptococcal pyogenes

Front 42

what two pathogen categories produce superantigen? what does this cause?

Back 42

staph and strep. Induces polyclonal T cell activation which leads to DIC, hypovolemia, MOF.

Front 43

what is the bacitracin sensitive?

Back 43

group A streptococcus

Front 44

sx: strawberry tongue

Back 44

scarlet fever

Front 45

Result of infection with s. pyogenes strain that is itself infected with a bacteriophage.

Back 45

scarlet fever

Front 46

complication of untreated streptococcus pyogenes. Usually begins 3 weeks post infection.

Back 46

rheumatic fever

Front 47

Major criteria: carditis, arthritis, chorea, erythema marginatum.

Back 47

rheumatic fever

Front 48

what are the clinical values for ESR, CPR, and ASO for rheumatic fever?

Back 48

Clinical values: Increased ESR, CPR, and ASO (antistreptolysine) titer.

Front 49

how do you treat the infection, pain and inflammation, and chorea of rheumatic fever?

Back 49

penicillin (ten day or single injection of Pencillin-G), aspirin for pain and inflammation, and diazepam or haloperidol for chorea.

Front 50

what is a complication that may arise from S. pyogenes infection?

Back 50

acute glomerulonephritis

Front 51

Sx: runny nose, fever with shaking chills, sputum that is rust colored.

Back 51

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Front 52

what is the pathogen associated with alcohols who contract pneumococcal pneumonia? what type of pneumonia is presented here?

Back 52

Streptococcus Pneumonia; lobar pneumonia

Front 53

what is the #1 pathogen for adults that can cause meningitis?

Back 53

S. pneumoniae

Front 54

what medium is used to determine the pathogen associated with pneumococcal pneumonia? what is a rapid test that can be done?

Back 54

optochin disc; bile solubility: clear is positive, cloudy is negative.

Front 55

what is the tx for pneumococal pneumonia? what is the S. pneumoniae is resistant to all other antibiotics?

Back 55

penicillin and its derivatives; use ketolides.

Front 56

what type of hemolysis is this an example of?

Back 56

alpha

Front 57

what is this an example of?

Back 57

aphthous somatitis

Front 58

what is this test? what is it for?

Back 58

Bacitracin sensitive; testing for Group A streptococcus

Front 59

what type of hemolysis is this?

Back 59

Beta

Front 60

what will this test prove?

Back 60

rapid test of pneumococcal pneumonia via Streptococcal pneumonia

Front 61

diagnosis?

Back 61

bronchopneumonia

Front 62

diagnosis?

Back 62

Cancrum oris

Front 63

what is this an example of?

Back 63

GAS rapid method test

Front 64

diagnosis?

Back 64

interstitial pneumonia

Front 65

diagonsis?

Back 65

lobar pneumonia

Front 66

what is this disc? what is it testing for?

Back 66

Optochic disc for s. pneumonia

Front 67

diagnosis

Back 67

scarlet fever

Front 68

diagnosis?

Back 68

streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsilitis

Front 69

what is this a culture of?

Back 69

streptococcal pyogenes

Front 70

Sx: tonsillar asymmetry with one tonsil usually displaced medially by the abcess, can cause sever hemorrhage; local pain

Back 70

peritonsillar and retrotonsillar abscesses

Next: common in ___. Most common bug

Hint 70

children over 5

S pyogenes