Y2B1- Micro Quiz 2- Key Distinguishers

Front 1

pathogens causing otits externa

Back 1

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 2

pathogens causing otits media

Back 2

Streptococcal Pneumonia, H. Influenza type B, Moraxella Cattarhalis (not in notes), and Streptococcal alagactiae (neonates)

Front 3

pathogens causing sinusitis

Back 3

Streptococcal Pneumonia, H. influenza type B, Moraxella Cattarhalis (not in notes), and Staphylococcal aureus.

Front 4

pathogens causing rhinitis

Back 4

top 3 (based on qureshi): Rhinovirus, Coronavirus, adenovirus

others: Influenza C virus, Parainfluenza virus, coxsackie virus A and B.

Front 5

Green color + fruity odor

Back 5

pseudomonas aeurginosa

Front 6

fatal in pts with CF and severe burns. Has a mutated porin protein.

Back 6

pseudomonas aeruginosa

hint: the porin protein is in Aer-or.... (say like error)

Front 7

what does exotoxin A do?

Back 7

it attaches to EF-2 which inhibits protein synthesis causing cell death.

Front 8

what pathogens have exotoxin A?

Back 8

pseudomonas aeurginosa and Cornyebacterium diphtheria,

Front 9

What is the only gram + diplococcus?

Back 9

streptococcal pneumoniae

Front 10

#1 cause of pneumonia in alcoholics.

Back 10

Streptococcal Pneumoniae

Front 11

requires hematin and NAD for growth in culture

Back 11

Haemophilus influenza type B

Front 12

children under 2 YO infected with H. influenza will get _______

Back 12

meningitis

Front 13

children from 2-5 YO infected with H. influenza will get _______

Back 13

epiglottitis and pneumonia

Front 14

Can cause bacterial septiciemia in newborns. Beta-hemolytic Gram + cocci.

Back 14

Streptococcal Agalactiae

Front 15

cause of 30-50% of common colds

Back 15

Rhinovirus

Front 16

what is the MOA of pleconaril?

Back 16

targets the viral replication process by inhibiting attachment and uncoating.

Front 17

Viral replication steps:

Back 17

1) attachment, 2) uncoating (separating into proteins), 3) replication (rna= rna, dna= dna), 4) protein will be translated separately, 5) reassembly, 6) virion will exit: naked (lysing), enveloped (budding release).

Front 18

only ds rna virus is ______

only ss dna virus is ________

Back 18

1) riovirus

2) parvovirus

Front 19

cause of SARS

Back 19

coronavirus strain 3

Front 20

diarrhea with flu like symptoms. Recently traveled to Toronto.

Back 20

pathogen: coronavirus strain 3

illness: SARS

Front 21

most common cause of croup

Back 21

parainfluenza virus

Front 22

hemagglutinin and neuramidase is present as well as F protein.

Back 22

parainfluenza virus

Hint: parainfluenza is a pair (hemagglutinin and neuramidase) with the Flu (F protein)

Front 23

M protein and F protein.

Back 23

Streptococcal pyogenes

Hint: It's Mother F@#*in Hot Pyogenes!

Front 24

what is the late complication of S. pharyngitis? when does it set in?

Back 24

rheumatic fever. Post-infection 3 weeks.

Front 25

which valves are damaged by rheumatic fever?

Back 25

mitral and aortic valves

Front 26

pseudomembrane with AB toxin

Back 26

Corynebacterium Diphtheria

Front 27

Sore throat + pink eye + 2 YO in day care

Back 27

adenovirus

Front 28

microscopy shows: smudgy intranuclear lesions and areas of hemorrhage

Back 28

adenovirus

Hint: Adenno (said like I dunno) why its smudgy!

Front 29

does NOT possess hemaglutinin or neuraminidase, but it does have F protein and F protein.

Back 29

RSV

Front 30

9 month old baby in december comes into the ER with cough and secretions

Back 30

#1 pathogen- RSV

Front 31

tx for RSV

Back 31

palivizumab

Front 32

labored noisy breathing w/ brassy cough

Back 32

croup

Front 33

Mulberry shaped colony in sterile content medium.

Back 33

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

Front 34

binding is mediated by cytadhesin

Back 34

mycoplasma pneumoniae

Hint: all mycoplasma has is CYToplasma..

Front 35

diagnosed via cold agglutinin test

Back 35

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Front 36

rRNA is identical to fungi but it lacks ergosterol

Back 36

Pneumocystis Jiroveci

Front 37

nonproductive cough, dusty colored skin

Back 37

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Front 38

CXR: interstitial linear opacities with hazy group glass appearance.

Back 38

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Front 39

diagnosis made via BAL; stained with ________

Back 39

pneumocystis jiroveci; silver methionamine stain

Front 40

prophylaxis for pneumocystis jiroveci should be given when? what is it?

Back 40

When CD40 drops below 200; Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole

Front 41

AFB+, weakly gram +, aerobic, produces niacin

Back 41

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Front 42

apple green flourescence on auramine rhodamine

Back 42

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Front 43

how long does it take to grow a culture on Lowenstein jensen agar?

Back 43

3 weeks

Front 44

type of HSN and targeted population in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis?

Back 44

4; non-white and poor elderly

Front 45

what are the three categories of a positive PPD?

Back 45

> or equal to 5 mm in HIV + pts, > or equal to 10 mm in high risk population (IV drug abusers, people living in poverty, or immigrants from high TB areas)
> or equal to 15: for everyone else

Front 46

intracellular organism w/ sulfatides inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion

Back 46

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Front 47

no exo or endo toxins, all of the damage is done by the immune system. Cord factor is another virulent factor.

Back 47

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Front 48

Granuloma with area of central caseous necrosis

Back 48

primary tuberculosis

Front 49

initial infection in tb

Back 49

Ghon's focus

Front 50

initial infection in tb + lymphatic lesion

Back 50

Ghon's complex

Front 51

granuloma w/o a central area of caseous necrosis

Back 51

sarcoidosis

Front 52

specific strain that affects HIV + individuals and causes Tb symptoms.

Back 52

Mycobacterium Avium Intracellular Complex

Front 53

how do you diagnose Mycobacterium Avium intracellular complex? how about mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Back 53

1) blood culture
2) aruamine staining and then AFB

Front 54

what portion of the LPS layer is the most dangerous?

Back 54

lipid A

Front 55

what test would you order to test for both latent and open cases of tb?

Back 55

Quantiferon Gold Test

Front 56

name all of the pathogens that require L-cysteine in their medium to grow.

Back 56

"the Ella sisters worship in Cysteine chapel"
Brucella, fransciella, Bordetella, Legionella, and pastruella.

Front 57

nonproductive cough + 25% of cases including abdominal pain

Back 57

legionella pneumophilia

Front 58

porin proteins and Mip

Back 58

legionella pneumophilia

hint: I'd be pretty "Mipped" (sim to miffed) if I got sick at the aria!

Front 59

elementary bodies, reticular body. Which one is infective?

Back 59

Chlamydia pneumoniae
elementary bodies- infective

Front 60

Diagnosis: DFA and silver staining technique on BCYE agar

Back 60

legionella pneumophilia

Front 61

#1 of PID

Back 61

Chlamydia trachomatis

Front 62

diagnosis of chlamydia pneumoniae is via _____

Back 62

serology

Front 63

what is the pathogen affiliated with athersclerosis?

Back 63

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Front 64

birds + splenomegaly + pneumonia

Back 64

Chlamydia psittaci

Front 65

possesses neuramidase and hemagglutinin and virulence factors, but its strain A is the most severe.

Back 65

influenza virus

Front 66

antigenic shift leads to _______

Back 66

pandemic

Front 67

antigenic drift leads to ______

Back 67

epidemic

Front 68

define epidemic. define pandemic.

Back 68

epidemic: larger number of cases in a short period of time in a defined geographical area.

pandemic: when an epidemic goes all over the world.

Front 69

antigenic drift is caused by?

Back 69

point mutation of hemagglutinin and neuramidase.

Front 70

innate response will release what 3 cell types? (for influenza virus)

Back 70

NK cells, IFN alpha, and IFN beta

Front 71

adaptive response will release what 2 cell types? (for influenza virus)

Back 71

CTL and antibodies

Front 72

what 4 bacterial pathogens are generally the cause of a secondary infection post- influenza virus?

Back 72

Streptococcal pyogenes, streptococcal pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenza

Front 73

history of aspirin intake + cerebral edema

Back 73

Ryes syndrome

Front 74

antiviral used to treat type A and B of the influenza virus.

Back 74

zanamivir and oseltamivir

Front 75

MOA of antiviral for influenza virus

Back 75

blocking the neuramidase inhibitors

Front 76

wide neck budding

Back 76

blastomyces

Hint: blasts make really wide holes!

Front 77

pathogens causing HIV associated pneumoniae

Back 77

Pneumocystis jiroveci, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Front 78

pathogens causing atypical pneumonia

Back 78

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophilia, Chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydia psittaci, Coxiella burnetti (not learned here)

Front 79

found in soil - dimorphic fungus that has barrel shaped hyphase

Back 79

coccidioides immitis

Front 80

dimorphic fungus, narrow neck budding

Back 80

histoplasma capsulatem

Front 81

weak AFB+, branching bacilli, aerobic, Gram + beads

Back 81

nocardia

Front 82

N. asteroides vs N brasiliensis

Back 82

A- pneumonia and brain abscesses

B- skin infection

Front 83

Rest In Peace Always (mneumonic)

Back 83

R- rabies
I- influenza
P- polio salk
A- Hep A

only killed vaccines

Front 84

5 first line drugs used against Mycobacterium tb and their side effects

Back 84

1) isonazide- peripheral neuropathy
2) ethambutol- eye complications
3) rifampin- orange urine and Hep
4)pyrazinamide- hep
5) streptomycin- autotoxicity

Front 85

PPD+, responds to anti-tb drugs, photochromatic

Back 85

Mycobacterium Kanasii

Front 86

forms yellow colonies in light or dark w/n 2 weeks

Back 86

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

Front 87

#2 pathogen to cause pneumoniae in alcoholics

Back 87

klebsiella pneumoniae

Front 88

Has transposers (R Factor)

Back 88

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Hint: I KLEBBed (clubbed) someone and had to JUMP out the window....

Front 89

red gelatinous sputum

Back 89

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Front 90

only pathogen with a protein capsule

Back 90

Bacillus

Front 91

lytics gamma phage distinguishes this pathogen from its brother

Back 91

Bacillus anthracis

Front 92

pX01 coats this toxin

Back 92

Bacillus anthracis

Front 93

Factor 1 of Bacillus anthracis

Back 93

edema factor- produces adenylate cyclase

Front 94

Factor 2 of Bacillus anthracis

Back 94

binding factor (protective antigen)

Front 95

Factor 3 of Bacillus anthracis

Back 95

lethal factor- cytotoxicity

Front 96

hemorrhagic lymphadenitis in mediastinum

Back 96

pulmonary anthrax

Front 97

contains YOP

Back 97

yersinia pestis

Front 98

histologically it looks like a safety pin via wayson staining

Back 98

yersinia pestis

Front 99

hammered copper shiny surface and fried egg appearance

Back 99

yersinia pestis

hint: yerSInia... SI for SILVER and ShIny surface.

Front 100

which cycle of the plague is contained? which one isn't?

Back 100

urban ; sylvatic

Front 101

geographical area of the plague

Back 101

4 corner states

Front 102

Virulence factor of yersinia pestis

Back 102

F1 capsular protein and plasminogen activating protease

Front 103

salmon pink colonies

Back 103

rhodococcus

Hint; If only all RHODes were PINK

Front 104

severe pulmonary edema, respiratory manifestations, deteriorate rapidly, camping

Back 104

hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

Front 105

atypical lymphocyte, left shift, decline in platelets

Back 105

hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

Front 106

branching septate hyphae w/ characteristic branching pattern (dichotomas, 45 degrees)

Back 106

aspergillus fumigatus

Front 107

blue-green colony at 30 degrees

Back 107

aspergillus fumigatus

Front 108

CXR: air crescent sign

Back 108

aspergillus fumigatus

Front 109

regan low medium

Back 109

bordetella pertussis

Front 110

3 stages of bordetella pertussis, what are they?

Back 110

1) catarrhal, 2) paroxysmal, 3) convalescent

Front 111

A-B toxin that causes an increase in cAMP which causes an increase in mucus secretion

Back 111

Bordetella pertussis

Front 112

adenylate toxin and tracheal cytotoxin

Back 112

bordetella pertussis

Front 113

this toxin releases IL-1 durinng bordetella pertussis infection

Back 113

Tracheal cytotoxin. May cause fever

Front 114

growth on regan-low is best what phase of Bordetella Pertussis?

Back 114

catarrhal stage

Front 115

DFA is best during what phase of Bordetella Pertussis

Back 115

paroxysmal