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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is trilostane?
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Synthetic steroid used in management of hyperadrenocorticism. Competitively inhibits cortisol and aldosterone production.
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What is mitotane used for?
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'Chemical adrenalectomy' agent used in management of hyperadrenocorticism
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What is Selegiline? (also called L-deprenyl)
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Drug used to increase CNS dopamine: theoretically inhibits ACTH production, trial use in management of hyperadrenocorticism but no strong supportive evidence.
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What are the main methods of managing hyperadrenocorticism?
(5 things) |
- trilostane - synthetic steroid, competitively inhibits cortisol and aldosterone production
- mitotane - chemical adrenalectomy - selegine/L-deprenyl - increase CNS dopamine + inhibit ACTH production - hypophysealectomy - surgical adrenalectomy |
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What 3 drugs are used in management of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID)? How do they work?
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Pergolide - dopamine agonist
Cyproheptidine - serotonin antagonist Trilostane - cortisol antagonist |
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What 2 drugs may be used short-term to help manage equine metabolic syndrome? How do they work?
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Metformin - improves insulin sensitivity and endothelial function
Thyroxine - increases metabolic rate encouraging weight loss |
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What is the difference between a bioassay and an immunoassay? What are they used for?
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Used to measure hormone levels. Immunoassays measure amount of hormone, bioassays measure activity of hormone
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What SEVEN hormones are normally produced by the anterior pituitary gland?
Which cells can be stimulated to produce an EIGHTH? What is it? |
LH, FSH, Prolactin, GH, melanocyte stimulating hormone, ACTH, TSH
Corticotrophs (produce MSH and ACTH) may produce insulin under certain conditions |
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What causes dwarfism?
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Hypothalamic disorders (too much SST/too little GHRH)
Insufficient GH production Insufficient IGF-1 (cells cannot respond to GH) |
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What is the usual cause of excess growth hormone in the dog? In the cat?
What is the consequence? |
In cats pituitary adenoma
In dogs mammary tumour (GH secreted with progesterone) Excess GH causes gigantism in juveniles and acromegaly in adults |
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What hormones does the thyroid secrete? How are they produced?
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Calcitonin is secreted by C-cells
Thyroxine is produced by iodide trapping and tyrosine iodination |
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What is the difference between T3 and T4?
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T3 is the active form of thyroxine
T4 has a much longer circulating half-life. It is cleaved to T3 within cells |
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What are the layers of the adrenal gland, and what does each one secrete?
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Cortex: corticosteroids
Zona glomerulosa - mineralocorticoids Zona fasciculata - glucocorticoids Zona reticularis - sex hormones Medulla: epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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What is the ACTH stimulation test used for?
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Test adrenal dysfunction:
depressed response indicates Addison's disease exaggerated response indicates Cushing's disease |
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How should you interpret the results of a dexamethasone suppression test?
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No drop in cortisol = adrenal-dependent Cushing's
Drop in cortisol that returns to previous levels within 8 hours = pituitary-dependent Cushing's Drop maintained for over 8 hours = normal animal |
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What hormones control ecdysis? By what mechanism does it occur?
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T3, T4 and gonadal steroids.
Skin is keratinised then the area between the stratum corneum and stratum lucidum fills with lymph and tissue fluid before sloughing |
