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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the five cytokine receptor families.
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Immunoglobulin superfam. receptors
Class I cytokine recept. fam. (hematopoietin) Class II cytokine recept. fam. (interferon) TNF recept. fam. Chemokine recept. fam. |
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Th activation....
1) intializes 2) then this is required 3) *** expression is then induced |
1) TCR-CD3 complex w/antigen
2) costim. signal TCR-CD28 w/ APC-B7 3) CTLA-4 |
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Name the four families of cytokines...
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Hematopoietin family
Interferon family Chemokine family Tumor necrosis factor family |
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Type 1 TI antigens...
Type 2 TI antigens... |
LPS
Repetitious polymeric proteins |
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What T-cell(αβ/γδ) has the highest percentage of CD3+?
What percentage? |
αβ - 90-99%
γδ - 1-10% |
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Treg cells express high levels of ***.
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CD25
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Non-specific cells includes *** cells and non- lymphoid cell types e.g. ***, ***, & ***.
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NK
macrophages, neutrophils & eosinophils |
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What T-cell(αβ/γδ) has the highest percentage of CD4+?
What percentage? |
αβ - 60%
γδ - 1% |
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What is a blocking auto-antibodies disease?
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Myasthenia gravis
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In hypersensitivity IgG and IgM do this...
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activate complement
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Transfusion reactions are a type *** hypersensitivity.
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II
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Cytokine *** induces proliferation and differentiation of *** cells into CTLs.
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IL2
CTL-P |
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B-cells recirculate through ***, ***, and ***.
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lymph nodes
spleen other lymphoid tissue |
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Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a type *** hypersensitivity.
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II
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*** promote transformation into a plasma cell.
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IL-4
IL-5 |
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*** increases plasma cell antibody production.
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IL-6
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Ephedrine stimulates *** production by binding to *** on ***.
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cAMP
beta-adrenergic receptors mast cells |
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In Type I hypersensitivity plasma cells secrete ***. This binds to *** receptors on mast-cells and ***.
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IgE
Fc basophils |
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Interaction between TCR *** to BCR *** stimulates transformation to memory B-cell.
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CD154
CD40 memory |
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Some shared TCR and Ig recombination mechanisms are...
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combinatorial V-J and V-D-J joining
junctional flexibility P/N-region nucleotide addition |
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The Primary event of CTL is *** ***, *** ***, and CTL ***.
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conjugate formation
membrane attack dissociation |
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Neutrophils do not bind to resting endothelium due to the absence of *** and ***.
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E- and P- selectin
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ITAM?
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Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif
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Two principle mediators in Type I hypersensitivity are...
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Prostaglandins
Cytokines - IL1,3,4,5,6,10,13, TNF-alpha |
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LFA-1?
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Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1
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Neutrophils express *** and *** to mediate rolling.
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L-selectin and mucin-like PSGL-1(P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1)
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The association of CD4 and *** stablilizes (CD3-MHC II interaction.)
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p56^Ick
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What do prostaglandins do?
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vasodilation
contraction of pulmonary smooth muscles platelet aggregation |
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In neutrophils, G-protein based signalling causes *** in ***, this increasing their affinity for ICAMS on the endothelium.
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conformational changes
integrins |
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CD28 ligand?
Used for adhesion? Signal transduction? +/- Ig superfamily? |
B7
unknown yes + |
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What do activated H1 receptors cause?
1) 2) 3) |
1) Contraction of intestinal/bronchial smooth
muscles 2) Increased permeability of venules 3) Increased mucus secretion by goblet cells |
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What do activated H2 receptors cause?
1) 2) |
1) Increases vasopermeability and vasodilation
2) Stimulates acid secretion in the stomach |
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Two pathways of target cell apoptosis by CTLs...
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Fas pathway
Perforin/granzyme pathway |
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1) Primary response antigen isotype produced
2) Secondary response antigen isotype produced |
1) IgM predominates
2) IgG predominates |
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APC have... to Tc/Th
APC-LFA-3 to *** APC-ICAM-1 to *** APC-CD22 to *** |
CD2
LFA-1 CD45R |
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The cytokine *** is produced by NK cells
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IFN-γ
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Tc and Th have...
TCR-CD2 to *** TCR-LFA-1 to *** TCR-CD45R to *** |
LFA-3
ICAM-1 CD22 |
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The most important cytokines in determining Th2 development is *** and ***.
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IL-4
IL-5 |
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The most important cytokines in determining Th1 development is *** and ***.
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IL-12
IFNγ |
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NK activity is stimulated by ***, ***, and *** produced by the virus infected cells.
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IFN-α, IFN-β and IL-12
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Th1 cells are involved in the generation of *** cells and *** reactions.
Th2 cells regulate responses by *** and ***. |
Tc - DTH
mast cells and eosinophils |
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DTH?
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delayed type hypersensitivity
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Neutrophils leave *** & recirculate in the blood. These neutrophils express *** which bind to selectins and chemokines like ***.
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bone marrow
mucins IL8 |
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Cytokines involved in Th cell differentiation..
***/*** cells produce *** *** cells produce *** |
macrophages/dendritic produce IL-12
mast cells produce IL-4 |
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*** selection is what permits only TCRs that recognize self-MHC molecules to live.
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positive
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*** selection is what eliminates TCRs that react too strongly w/self-MHC molecules.
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negative
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As T-cells enter the thymus they first develop ***, ***, and *** in their cell membrane. They become *** then either *** or ***.
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c-kit
CD44 CD25 Double postitive CD4+ or CD8+ |
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After activation T-cells enter *** phase from *** and induce transcription factors of *** and ***. This causes *** and ***.
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G1 from G0
IL2 and CD25 proliferation and division |
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Superantigen proteins bind *** domain of ***. They also bind to *** of ***.
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Vβ domain of TCR
α-chain of MHC II |
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*** T-cells have a regulatory role of inhibiting other T-cells.(cytokine-cytokine)
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CD4-CD25
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Examples of APC co-stimulatory signals are....
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glyoproteins
B7-1(CD80) B7-2(CD86) |
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C-kit is a.....
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stem cell growth factor receptor
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CD44 is a...
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adhesion molecule
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CD25 is a...
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alpha chain of IL-2 receptor
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CD28 and CTLA-4 act ***.
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antagonistically - against each other
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CTLA-4-B7 interaction is ***.
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inhibitory
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