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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enantiomer
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non-superimposable mirror images
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one mole = ***
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6.023x10^23
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Diastereomer
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stereoisomers w/different stereocenters & are not mirror images.
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Meso Structure
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Compound that is superposable on its mirror image.
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A nucleophile is...
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- or
region of high electron density |
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A electrophile is...
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+ or
region of low electron density |
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Asp
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Aspartate
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Glu
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Glutamate
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Asn
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Asparagine
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Gln
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Glutamine
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Five different major reaction types in cells
1) *** 2) *** 3) *** 4) *** 5) *** |
1) oxidation-reduction
2) cleavage and formation of carbon-carbon bonds 3) internal rearrangement 4) group transfers 5) condensation reaction |
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Hypotonic causes cell to...
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burst
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Hypertonic causes cell to...
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shrink
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pH = -log ???
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-log [H+]
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pKa = -log ???
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-log Ka
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Bronsted-Lowry acid is...
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a proton donor
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Bronsted-Lowry base is...
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a proton acceptor
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Lewis acid is...
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electron pair acceptor
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Lewis base is...
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electron pair donor
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ALL amino acids have these two functional groups...
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carboxyl group
amino group |
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D = dextro = ***
L = levo = *** |
right
left |
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Amino acids *** and *** absorb UV light.
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tyrosine
tryptophan |
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*** is the only secondary alpha-amino acid.
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proline
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-ine?
-in? -ase? |
amino acid
protein enzyme |
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pI stands for???
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isoelectric point
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pI = ***/***
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pKa1 + pKa2
------------------- 2 |
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pH = *** + log***
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pKa + log(base/acid)
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Acids in solution w/pH > pKa by 0.5 then its charge is...
Acids in solution w/pH < pKa by 0.5 then its charge is... |
negative
neutral |
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Bases in solution w/pH > pKa by 0.5 then its charge is...
Bases in solution w/pH < pKa by 0.5 then its charge is... |
neutral
positive |
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All peptide bonds occur in *** configuration except for *** which is ***% trans.
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trans
proline 92 |
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What three things can break alpha-helix?
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proline
glycine too many phenol groups |
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In gel-filtration chromography the smalled particles elude *** because ***.
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LAST
they spent more time in pores, increasing retention time. |
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***: micromoles of substrate transformed by enzyme per minute per mg of protein.
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specific activity
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One ***(enzyme unit) is defined as the amount of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1 *** of substrate per ***(time).
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U(enzyme unit)
micro mole minute |
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***: the full complement of proteins produced by a particular genome.
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proteome
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zwitter?
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hybrid
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solution of 4[base] / 1[acid]
base = 80% = *charge?* acid = 20% = *charge?* |
+
- |
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connecting two peptides are what atoms?
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o=c-n-h
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SDS is a *** that aids gel electrophoresis by removing the *** and *** properties of proteins.
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surfactant
charges and unique-3d-shape |
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How is... used in protein analysis?
Edman reagent (phenylisothiocyanate) |
determination of sequence starting @ amino-terminus
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How is... used in protein analysis?
Sanger reagent (DNFB) |
determination of amino-terminal amino acid
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How is... used in protein analysis?
trypsin |
cleaves C-term of Lys and Arg
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How is... used in protein analysis?
CNBr (cyanogen bromide) |
cleaves C-term of Met
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How is... used in protein analysis?
Chymotrypsin |
cleaves C-term of Phe, Trp, Tyr
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How is... used in protein analysis?
pepsin |
cleaves N-term of Leu, Phe, Trp, Tyr
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How is... used in protein analysis?
dithiothreitol |
breakage of disulfide bonds
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How is... used in protein analysis?
performic acid |
breakage of disulfide bonds
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homologs?
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any members of a particular protein family
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paralogs?
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two homologs present in the same species
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orthologs?
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two homologs present in different species
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entropy?
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increase of disorder
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Peptide sequences are written *** to *** terminus.
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N- to C- terminus
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oxidation-reduction:
Reductant is *** by ***; Oxidant is *** by ***. |
oxidized by oxidant
reduced by reductant |
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Cysteine + Cysteine = ***
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Cystine
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Ramachandran diagram = ***.
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Calculations of allowed rotation values
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The suffix
-ide means? |
there is a total of 2 elements in the compound.
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A carbonyl group is...
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C=O
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etymology of...
thiol? |
thio = sulfur
ol = alcohol |
