Xxx - Cardiovascular (Murmus)

Front 1

List the

- Systolic Murmurs (x6)

Back 1

- Tricuspid Regurgitation
- Mitral Regurgitation
- Aortic Stenosis
- Pulmonary Stenosis

- MVP
- VSD

Front 2

List the

- Diastolic Murmurs (x5)

Back 2

- Tricuspid Stenosis
- Mitral Stenosis
- Aortic Regurgitation
- Pulmonary Regurgitation

- ASD

Front 3

MURMURS

- Holosystolic & Harsh-sounding

- Holosystolic & High-Pitched "Blowing"

- Diastolic & High-Pitched "Blowing"

Back 3

- VSD

- MR (loudest at Apex)
- TR (loudest at LLSB)

- AR

Front 4

MURMURS

- Crescendo-Decrescendo SEM

Back 4

- AS

Front 5

MURMURS

- define "Pulsus parvus et tardus"
- causes what symptom?
- associated murmur?

Back 5

- Pulses weak compared to Heart sound
- Syncope

- AS

Front 6

MURMURS

- Late Systolic Crescendo

Back 6

- MVP

Front 7

MURMURS

During Diastole:
LA pressure >> LV pressure

During Systole:
LV pressure >> Aortic Pressure

Back 7

- MS

- AS

Front 8

MURMURS

- Follows Systolic Ejection Click?
(what causes Systolic Ejection Click)

- WITH a Midsystolic Ejection Click?
(what causes Midsystolic Ejection Click)

Back 8

- AS
(Abrupt Halting of Valve Leaflets)

- MVP
(Abrupt Tensing of Cordae Tendinae)

Front 9

MURMURS

- Chronic stage = Wide Pulse Pressure

- Chronic stage = LA Dilation

Back 9

- AR

- MS

Front 10

MURMURS

- Presents with Bounding Pulses and Head Bobbing

Back 10

- AR

Front 11

MURMURS

Enhanced by maneuvers that:

- Increase TPR
(e.g. - squatting, hand grip, ....)

Back 11

- MR
- MVP

Front 12

MURMURS

Enhanced by:

- Increased RA return
(e.g. - Inspiration)

- Increased LA return (x2)
(e.g. - Expiration)

Back 12

- TR

- MR
- MS

Front 13

MURMURS

- Can be caused by Endocarditis?

- Can predispose to Infectious Endocarditis

Back 13

- TR
(rheumatic fever can cause endocarditis)

- MVP
(rheumatic fever can cause MVP)

Front 14

MURMURS

- can be caused by bicuspid valve

Back 14

- AR

- AS

Front 15

MURMURS

- Systolic murmur caused by Rheumatic Fever

- Diastolic murmur caused by Rheumatic Fever

Back 15

Systolic Murmur w/ RF
- TR
- MVP

Diastolic Murmur w/ RF
- AR
- MS

Front 16

MURMURS

- with possible etiology secondary to Congenital Rubella

Back 16

- PDA

Front 17

MURMURS

- with possible etiology secondary to Prematurity

Back 17

- PDA

Front 18

MURMURS

- with possible etiology secondary to MVP

Back 18

- MR

Front 19

MURMURS

- can be caused by LV Dilation

- can be caused by RV Dilation

Back 19

- MR

- TR

Front 20

MURMURS

- with possible etiology secondary to Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Back 20

- AS

- AR

Front 21

MITRAL REGURGITATION

- describe murmur
- murmur loudest at?
- murmur radiates to?

Back 21

- Holosystolic, High-pitched "blowing"

- Apex

- Axilla

Front 22

MITRAL REGURGITATION

- murmur enhanced by what physiological conditions?

Back 22

- Increased TPR
(e.g.- squatting & hand gripping)

- Increased LA return
(e.g. - expiration)

Front 23

MITRAL REGURGITATION

- list 3 possible causes of MR

Back 23

- MVP

- IHD

- LVD

Front 24

TRICUSPID REGURGITATION

- describe murmur
- murmur loudest at?
- murmur radiates to?

Back 24

- Holosystolic, High-pitched, "blowing"

- LLSB (Tricuspid area)

- RSB

Front 25

TRICUSPID REGURGITATION

- murmur enhanced by what physiological conditions?

Back 25

- Increased RA return
(e.g. - inspiration)

Front 26

TRICUSPID REGURGITATION

- list 3 possible causes of TR

Back 26

- Endocarditis

- RVD

- Rheumatic Fever
(can cause both endocarditis & RVD)

Front 27

AORTIC STENOSIS

- describe murmur
- when does murmur occur?

- murmur loudest where?
- murmur radiates to?

Back 27

- Crescendo-Decrescendo SEM
- Ejection Click

- RUSB (Aortic area)

- Carotids & Apex

Front 28

AORTIC STENOSIS

- major symptom seen?
- what condition causes the Sx?
- describe this condition

Back 28

- Syncope

- Pulsus Parvus et Tardus

- Pulses weak compared to Heart sounds

Front 29

AORTIC STENOSIS

- major pressure difference seen?

(pressure difference occurs when?)

Back 29

LV pressure >> Aortic pressure

(during systole)

Front 30

AORTIC STENOSIS

- list 3 possible causes of AS

Back 30

- Bicuspid AV

- Calcified AS (age-related)

Front 31

VSD

- describe murmur

- murmur loudest where?

Back 31

- Holosystolic, Harsh-sounding

- LLSB (Tricuspid area)

Front 32

MVP

- describe murmur
- murmur occurs WITH?

- murmur loudest WHEN?

Back 32

- Late systolic Crescendo murmur
- Midsystolic Click

- S2

Front 33

MVP

- MVP predisposes to what condition? x2

Back 33

- Infectious Endocarditis

- MR

Front 34

MVP

- list 3 possible causes of MVP

Back 34

- Myxomatous degeneration

- Rheumatic Fever

- Chordae rupture

Front 35

MVP

- murmur can be enhanced by?

Back 35

- Increased TPR

(e.g. - squatting, hand-gripping)

Front 36

AORTIC REGURGITATION

- describe murmur
- murmur loudest where?

Back 36

- Diastolic
(Immediate) High-pitched "Blowing"

- LLSB

Front 37

AORTIC REGURGITATION

- presentation in chronic patients (x3)

Back 37

- Wide Pulse Pressure

- Bounding Pulses

- Head Bobbing

Front 38

AORTIC REGURGITATION

- list 3 causes of AR

Back 38

- Bicuspid Aortic Valve
- Aortic Root Dilation
- Rheumatic Fever

Front 39

AORTIC REGURGITATION

- murmur can be decreased by what treatment?

Back 39

- Vasodilators

Front 40

MITRAL STENOSIS

- describe murmur
- murmur occurs when?

Back 40

- Delayed Diastolic murmur

- Follows Opening Snap

Front 41

MITRAL STENOSIS

- can be enhanced with what physiological effect?

Back 41

- Increased LA return

(expiration)

Front 42

MITRAL STENOSIS

- describe the pressure character

Back 42

LA pressure >> LV pressure

(during Diastole)

Front 43

MITRAL STENOSIS

- Chronic stages can result in?

Back 43

- LA Dilation

(LA pressure >> LV pressure in MS)

Front 44

MITRAL STENOSIS

- List 1 thing that causes MS

Back 44

- Rheumatic Fever

Front 45

PDA

- describe murmur
- loudest WHEN?

Back 45

- Continuous machine like murmur

- S2

Front 46

PDA

- List 2 causes of PDA

Back 46

- Congenital Rubella

- Prematurity

Front 47

MURMUR

- caused by LV Dilation?
- caused by RV Dilation?

- can cause LA Dilation

Back 47

- MR

- TR

- MS

Front 48

MURMURS

- which ones occur loudest at the Aortic Area (RUSB)? x3

Back 48

- Aortic Stenosis
- Aortic Valve Sclerosis
- Flow Murmur

Front 49

MURMURS

- which ones occur loudest at the Pulmonic Area (LUSB) x2

Back 49

- SEM

- Pulmonary Stenosis

- Flow Murmur (i.e. - ASD)

Front 50

MURMURS

- which ones occur loudest at the Tricuspid Area (LLSB) x 6

Back 50

- TS
- TR

- AR
- PR

- ASD
- VSD

Front 51

MURMURS

- whichones occur loudest at the Apex? x2

Back 51

- MR
- MS

Front 52

MURMURS

- Right sided heart sounds increase with?

- Left sided heart sounds increase with?

Back 52

- Inspiration
(due to increased RA return)

- Expiration
(due to increased LA return)

Front 53

MURMURS

- Aortic Stenosis is loudest where?
- Aortic Regurgitation loudest where?

Back 53

- Aortic area (RUSB)

- Tricuspid area (LLSB)

Front 54

MURMURS

- Pulmonary Stenosis is loudest where?

- Pulmonary Regurgitation is loudest where?

Back 54

- Pulmonic area (LUSB)

- Tricuspid area (LLSB)

Front 55

MURMURS

- VSD loudest where?
- ASD loudest where?

Back 55

- Tricuspid area (LLSB)

- Trucuspid area (LLSB)
(can also be heard at pulmonic area)

Front 56

MURMURS

- Hypertropic Cardiomyopathy presents with what type of murmur?

- murmur is loudest where?

Back 56

- Systolic murmur

- Tricuspid Area (LLSB)

Front 57

ASD

- describe murmur (x2)

Back 57

- Pulmonary Flow murmur
(increased flow thru pulmonary valve)

- Diastolic Rumble
(increased flow thru tricuspid valve)

Front 58

ASD

- describe the murmur that occurs through the Atrial Septum Defect (ASD).

- why or why not?

Back 58

- there is no blood flow thru the actual ASD, thus no murmur is caused

- there is no pressure gradient
(b/c no flow)