Xx - Renal Physiology I

Front 1

How do you calculate Total Body Water (TBW)?

Back 1

60% body weight

Front 2

How do you calculate ICF volume?

Back 2

40% body weight
(or 2/3 TBW)

Front 3

How do you calculate ECF volume?

Back 3

20% body weight
(or 1/3 TBW)

Front 4

TBW is highest in what population groups?

TBW is lowest in what population groups?

Back 4

Newborns & Adult Males

Adult Females & Fat people

Front 5

Major ICF cations?

Back 5

K+ & Mg2+

Front 6

Major ICF anions?

Back 6

Protein
&
Organic Phosphates (i.e. ATP, ADP,..)

Front 7

Major ECF cations?

Back 7

Na+

Front 8

Major ECF anions?

Back 8

Cl- & Bicarb (HCO3-)

Front 9

How do you calculate Plasma volume?

Back 9

25% of ECF

(or 1/12 of TBW)

Front 10

How do you calculate Interstitial Fluid volume?

Back 10

75% of ECF

(or 1/4 of TBW)

Front 11

What is the major difference in composition between Plasma and Interstitial Fluid?

Back 11

Both are similar in composition, but
Plasma has Major Plasma Proteins
Interstitial Fluid has little protein

Front 12

What are the major plasma proteins?

Back 12

Albumin & Globulins

Front 13

Volume =

Back 13

[Amt injected - Amt excreted]
/
Concentration

(think C = Amt of X / Volume)

Front 14

Markers for Plasma?

Back 14

RISA & Evans blue

Front 15

Markers for ECF?

Back 15

Mannitol, Inulin, & Sulfate

Front 16

Markers for TBW?

Back 16

Triated water (& D2O)

Front 17

At steady state, ECF osmolarity =

Back 17

ICF Osmolarity

Front 18

Clinical example of Isotonic Volume Expansion?

Back 18

Infusion with isotonic Normal Saline

Front 19

Clinical example of Isotonic Volume Contraction?

Back 19

Diarrhea

Front 20

Clinical example of Hyperosmotic Volume Expansion

Back 20

excessive Salt intake

Front 21

Clinical example of Hyperosmotic Volume Contraction?

Back 21

Sweating, Fever, Diabetes Insipidus

Front 22

Clinical example of Hyposmotic Volume Expansion?

("water gain" or "water retention")

Back 22

SIADH

Front 23

Clinical example of Hyposmotic Volume Contraction?

("salt loss")

Back 23

Adrenal Insufficiency

Front 24

OSMOTIC VOLUME CHANGES

- which states increase BOTH Osmolarities for ECF & ICF?

- which states decrease BOTH Osmolarities for ECF & ICF?

Back 24

all Hyperosmotic volume changes

all Hyposmotic volume changes

Front 25

OSMOTIC VOLUME CHANGES

- Hyperosmotic Volume changes will always have what effect on Osm & Volume?

Back 25

Increases ECF & ICF Osmolarities

Decreases ICF Volume

Front 26

OSMOTIC VOLUME CHANGES

- Hyposmotic Volume changes will always have what effect on Osm & Volume?

Back 26

Decreases ECF & ICF Osmolarities

Increases ICF Volume

Front 27

OSMOTIC VOLUME CHANGES

- Hematocrit usually DECREASES with what osmotic volume change?

- what is the exception? (why)

- give clinical example of the exception

Back 27

Volume (ECF) EXPANSION

HYPOSMOTIC Volume Expansion
(no change in Hct b/c water enters RBC causing swelling)

SiADH

Front 28

OSMOTIC VOLUME CHANGES

- Hematocrit usually INCREASES with what osmotic volume chnage?

- what is the exception? (why?)

- give a clinical example

Back 28

Volume (ECF) CONTRACTION

HYPEROSMOTIC Volume Contraction
(no change in Hct b/c water enters RBC)

Sweating, Fever, DI

Front 29

OSMOTIC VOLUME CHANGES

- RBC shrinkage occurs in which osmotic volume change?

Back 29

Hyperosmotic Volume changes

Front 30

OSMOTIC VOLUME CHANGES

- RBC swelling occurs in which osmotic volume change?

Back 30

Hyposmotic Volume changes

Front 31

OSMOTIC VOLUME CHANGES

- in what osmotic volume conditions would you see no change in hematocrit?

- give clinical examples of each

Back 31

Hyperosmotic Contraction
(Sweating, Fever, DI)

Hyposmotic Expansion
(SiADH)

Front 32

OSMOTIC VOLUME CHANGES

- Isotonic volume changes will cause NO CHANGE in what?

Back 32

Osmolarity of both ECF & ICF

ICF Volume

Front 33

Clearance equation Units

Back 33

mL / min
or
mL / 24 hours

Front 34

Clearance equation

Back 34

C = UV / P

Front 35

25% of Cardiac Output goes to?

Back 35

Renal Blood Flow

Front 36

What vascular change causes RBF increase?

Physiological factors causing this vascular change are?

Back 36

Vasodilation

(vaso-DIE-lators)
Dopamine
PG I2
PG E2
Bradykinin & NO

Front 37

What vascular change causes RBF decrease?

Physiological factors causing this vascular change are?

Back 37

Vasoconstriction

Sympathetic stimulation
Angiotensin II

Front 38

Angiotensin II causes what vascular change?

Vascular change under what condition?

Vascular change occurs where?

Back 38

Vasoconstriction

@ Low concentration levels

Efferent arterioles
(thus "protecting" the (increasing) GFR)

Front 39

Autoregulation of RBF is accomplished by how?

Back 39

changing the renal vascular RESISTANCE

Front 40

What are the 2 mechanisms to RBF autoregulation?

Back 40

Myogenic mechanism

Tubuloglomerular feedback mechansim

Front 41

Describe the myogenic mechanism of RBF autoregulation.

Occurs in which part of the renal vasculature?

Back 41

arteriole stretching causes contraction

occurs at the Afferent arterioles

Front 42

Describe the Tubuloglomerular Feedback mechanism.

Occurs in which part of the renal vasculature?

Back 42

Increased Pressure, thus increased Fluid is sensed by the Macula Densa, which causes constriction of nearby....

Afferent Arteriole

Front 43

PAH is Filtered, Reabsorbed, or Secreted?

Back 43

Filtered & Secreted

Front 44

PAH clearance is used to measure?

Back 44

Effective RPF

Front 45

Effective RPF is measured how?

Effective RPF is different from True RPF by how much?

Back 45

PAH Clearance

PAH clearance UNDERESTIMATES True RPF by about 10%

Front 46

RBF equation

Back 46

RPF / (1 - Hct)

Note denominator is fraction of blood that is occupied by plasma

Front 47

Is the INULIN Filtered, Reabsorbed, or Secreted?

Back 47

Filtered only

("I"solated filtration in u lynn)