Xx - Renal Pharmacology

Front 1

ACE Inhibitors affect renal vasculature in what what?

Back 1

Dilates EFFERENT Arteriole

Front 2

Due to its vasculature effects,
ACE Inhibitors affect GFR in what way?

Back 2

Decreases GFR

Front 3

ACE Inhibitors provide what renal benefit to Diabetics?

Back 3

1.) Reduce Hyper-Filtration
(decrease GFR)

2.) Reduce occurence of DM Nephropathy

Front 4

Renally, how would you increase Excretion of Weak Acid drugs?

Back 4

Alkalinize the urine

Front 5

Renally, how would you increase Excretion of Weak Basic drugs?

Back 5

Acidify the urine

Front 6

Acetazolamide is what kind of Drug?

What subclass does it belong to?

Back 6

Diuretic

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Front 7

Acetazolamide acts on what part of nephron?

Acetazolamide effects what transporter & how?

What is the resulting effect on renal function?

What is seen in the urine?

Back 7

Early PT

(Does NOT affect a transporter)
Inhibits Carbonic Anhydrase

Inhibits Bicarb Reabsorption @ Early PT

Increased Bicarb Excretion

Front 8

Loop Diuretics affect what Transporter?

List some Loop Diuretics (x3)

Back 8

NKCC Cotransporter
(of TAL of Henle)

- Furosemide
- BuMetaNide
- Ethacrynic acid

Front 9

Thiazides affect what Transporter & how?

Where EXACTLY is this Transporter located?

Back 9

Inhibits
Na+Cl- Cotransporter

Early DT
(NOT the one @ the Late PT)

Front 10

Potassium Sparing Diuretics affect what Transporter & how?

Where EXACTLY is this Transporter located?

Back 10

Inhibits
Potassium Channels

Principle Cells
(of the Late DT & CD)

Front 11

List some Potassium Sparing Diuretics (x3)

Back 11

- Spironolactone

- Amilioride

- Triamterene

Front 12

Potassium Sparing Diuretics have what effect on Potassium renally?

Back 12

Decreases Potassium Secretion

(thus sparing it from loss)

Front 13

What is the synthetic analogue for ADH?

Back 13

Desmopressin

Front 14

Digitalis MOA?

Back 14

Inhibits Na+/K+ pump

Front 15

Digitalis affects serum K+ how?

Back 15

HYPERKalemia

Front 16

Which diuretics cause HYPERKalemia?

(what does this mean for K+ secretion)

Back 16

Thiazides
Loops (FBE)

- implies Decreased K+ secretion
(thus causing hyperkalemia)

Front 17

Which diuretics cause HYPOKalemia?

(what does this mean for K+ secretion?)

Back 17

K+ sparing diuretics (SAT)

- implies Increased K+ secretion
(thus causing hypokalemia)

Front 18

What is the difference on MOA of different K+ sparing diuretics in terms of decreasing K+ secretion?

Back 18

Spironolactone
= Aldosterone Antagonist

Triamterene & Amilioride
= Directly acts on Principle cells

Front 19

How is K+ sparing diuretics often used?

Back 19

- in COMBO with Thiazides & Loop diuretics

Front 20

Which Diuretics is Tx for Hypercalcemia?

Which is Tx for IDIOPATHIC HypercalciURIA?

Back 20

- Loops

- Thiazides

Front 21

Loop Diuretic effects on Calcium Excretion?

MOA?

Back 21

- Increases Calcium Excretion

- Loops inhibit Na+ reabsorption @ TAL, which is coupled to Ca2+ reabsorption. Inhibition of Ca2+ reabsorption means increased Ca2+ excretion

Front 22

TZD diuretic effects on Calcium Excretion?

Occurs where?

Back 22

- Decreases Calcium Excretion

- DT

Front 23

Which Diuretic treatment causes urine to be isosmotic (isothenuric) thus making CH2O equal Zero?

Describe MOA causing this.

What problems occur because of this?

Back 23

Loops

Loops inhibit NaCl reabsorption @ TAL, thus inhibiting both Dilution & CortioPapillary Osmotic gradient.

1.) Can NOT Dilute urine during High Water Intake (b/c no diluting)
2.) Can NOT Concentrate urine during Water Deprivation (b/c no CPO gradient)

Front 24

What drugs cause volume CONTRACTION ALKALOSIS?

Back 24

Loops diuretics

Thiazide diuretics

Front 25

What drugs cause Respiratory Acidosis?

MOA

Back 25

(resp. acidosis - D,OSAges)

Drugs
= Opiates, Sedatives, & Anesthetics

Inhibits Medullary Respiratory Center

Front 26

What drug causes both Metabolic Acidosis & Respiratory Alkalosis?

Back 26

Salicylate (ASA) intoxication

Front 27

Emetic drugs can cause what 2 acid/base disorders.

Explain why.

Back 27

Metabolic Contraction Alkalosis
Metabolic Acidosis (w/ Increased AG)

Vomiting itself causes Metabolic Contraction Alkalosis (loss of GI H+)
Secondary Starvation causes increased ketoacids leading to Metabolic Acidosis with Increased Anion Gap.

Front 28

Metabolic Contraction Alkalosis is sometimes accompanied by an Increased Anion Gap with what drug?

why?

Back 28

Emetic drugs

Vomiting = Contraction Alkalosis
Starvation = Ketoacid buildup

Front 29

Acetazolamide (CAI's) has what effects on:

- renal EXCRETION?

Back 29

- Increases Bicarb Excretion

Front 30

Loop Diuretics (FBE) has what effects on:

- renal EXCRETION?

Back 30

Increases Excretion of:
- Na+
- Cl-
- K+
- Ca2+

Front 31

Thiazide Diuretics has what effects on:

- renal EXCRETION?

Back 31

Increases Excretion of:
- Na+
- Cl-
- K+

Decreases Excretion of:
- Ca2+

Front 32

K+ sparing drugs (STA) has what effects on:

- renal EXCRETION?

Back 32

Increases Excretion of:
- Na+
(effects are small)

Decreases Excretion of:
- H+
- K+

Front 33

Which Diuretic DECREASES the Ability to CONCENTRATE Urine?

Specify how for each?

Back 33

Loops (FBE)

Decreases the CPO gradient

Front 34

Which Diuretic DECREASES the Ability to DILUTE Urine?

Specify how for each?

Back 34

Loops
(inhibits diluting segment)

Thiazides
(inhibits CORTICAL diluting segment)