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12 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Name the 3 main internal components of a computer system.

(ALU, CU and Registers), Memory and input/ output devices.

What is the Central Processing Unit?

This is the heart of the computer, responsible for executing programs and supervising the functioning of other parts of the system.

What is the Control Unit?

This is a digital control unit that co-ordinates the movement of data, sequencing of instructions and directs operations of other components by providing control and timing signals (eg. an internal clock)

What is the Arithmetic Logic Unit?

This carries out operations on data associated with instructions being executed. (eg. Boolean and Logical.)

Name the 3 types of internal memory.

Main memory- RAM and ROM, Cache Memory.

Name the functions of these types of memory.

RAM- Stores the operating system being used and data items.


ROM- Stores a boot program that runs when the computer is first turned on.


Cache Memory- Stores copies of the most frequently used memory locations.



The stages on the fetch Execute Cycle

Instruction FETCHED from memory to control unit


Instruction DECODED determine action carried out


Instruction EXECUTED

What is registers?

A high speed memory location on the CPU, faster than internal memory.

Name the 4 registers included in the cycle and what they do.

Program Counter(PC) Stores address location in memory (Gets incremented)


Memory Address Register(MAR) Stores the address of a memory location


Memory Data Register (MDR) Stores data that has just been fetched.


Current Instruction Register (CIR) Stores the instruction currently being executed.



Name the 3 buses used for communication systems and what they do.

Address Bus - Identifies a physical location in memory.


Data bus - Allows the transfer of data between 1 component to another.


Control Bus - Carries commands from the the CPU to other devices.

Stages of the Fetch Phase

Address to be executed and loaded into PC - PC contents placed in MAR (using Address Bus to get location) - PC increments for the location of the next instruction to be executed. - read signal sent to control bus to memory, instruction from MAR to the MDR via data bus - instruction held at this address and copied to the MDR - Instruction copied to current instruction register examined or decoded by the processor.

Stages of Decode Phase

Instruction held in CIR sent to the control unit to be decoded by the processor, using an instruction set which control unit is aware.