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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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propionyl CoA comes from ... metabolism and is necessary for metabolism of ...
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odd-chain fatty acid
biosalts |
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a synonym for vitamin B12 is
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cobalamin
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what is cobalamin:
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a synonym for vitamin B12
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what are:
N5-methyl FH4 N10-formyl FH4 N5,N10-methylene FH4 |
folate derivatives
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propionyl-CoA carboxylase is an ABC enzyme, ABC stands for:
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ATP
biotin carboxylase |
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name the ABC enzyme that makes methylmalonyl-CoA
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propionyl-CoA carboxylase
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carboxylase does what:
decarboxylase does what: |
adds a carbon
removes a carbon |
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succinyl CoA is a ... intermediate and a precursor for ...
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TCA
heme synthesis |
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what vitamin does propionyl-CoA carboxylase require:
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biotin
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methylmalonyl-CoA mutase makes what product ... and requires what vitamin ...
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succinyl-CoA
B12 |
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what 2 enzymes need vitamin B12:
1. 2. |
homocysteine methyltransferase
methylmalonyl-CoA mutase |
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what are 2 vitamin B12 deficiencies:
1. 2. |
1. Methylmalonic Acidemia
2. Aciduria |
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a cobalamin deficiency is a ... deficiency
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vitamin B12
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what is the difference between folate and folic acid:
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folic acid has a proton to give up
folate is the salt |
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what are folate derivatives used in:
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1 carbon transfer pool
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what enzyme requires folic acid:
1. 2. |
1. Thymidylate Synthase
2. homocysteine methyl transferase |
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Thymidylate Synthase converts ... to ... and it requires ...
where is this reaction needed: what blocks this reaction: |
dUMP
dTMP folate derivative in actively dividing cells --> to make DNA 5-fluorouracil - competitive inhibitor |
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why is dihydrofolate reductase important for cell division:
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it recycles dihydrofolate to FH4 so it can be eventually used again by thymidylate synthase (dTMP synthesis)
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what does methotrexate:
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inhibits dihydrofolate reductase - anti cancer drug
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methionine is what kind of donor:
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methyl
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if you have a lot of homocysteine in the blood, what happens:
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you will get hyper-coagulation --> blood clots --> stroke
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what is the importance of the relationship between homocysteine and homocystine:
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if you have elevated levels of homocysteine, it will readily exchange with homocystine and muck up protein structure
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SAM is a universal ...
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methyl donor
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homocysteine reaction to methionine is catalyzed by ... and requires what cofactors:
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homocysteine methyl transferase
B12 FH4 (folate) |
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if you don't have methyl transfer reactions taking place, what cofactor is to blame --> how do you find out:
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if methylmalonic acid (methylmalonic acidurea) is present, B12 and not folic acid
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if there is a deficiency in the enzyme homocysteine methyl transferase, then you get ...
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homocystinuria
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homocystinuria is caused by what difficiency:
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B12 and or
folic acid, or B6 |
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if cystathionine synthase is blocked, you will get ...
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homocystinuria
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how would you tell if your homocystinuria is due to vitamin B12 deficiency:
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besides homocystinuria, you would also have megaloblastic anemia and methylmalonic aciduria
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how would you tell if your homocystinuria is due to vitamin folic acid deficiency:
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besides homocystinuria, you would also have megaloblastic anemia and NO methylmalonic aciduria
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how would you tell if your homocystinuria is due to vitamin B6 deficiency:
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you would only have homocystinuria and no megaloblastic anemia
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what is the defective protein in Pernicious Anemia:
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intrinsic factor
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how would you treat Pernicious Anemia:
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vitamin B12 shots
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why would you not treat Pernicious Anemia with oral vitamin B12:
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vitamin B12 needs intrinsic factor from stomach to be absorbed and that is missing in pernicious anemia, injected vitamin B12 is taken directly up by the liver
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vegans are at risk for what type of deficiency:
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vitamin B12
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alcoholics are at risk for what type of deficiency:
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folate/folic acid
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