Xexam4 Mfm68

Front 1

what are the 3 ways we take up glucose from the blood stream (think tissue and think receptor):
1.
2.
3.

Back 1

1. glut 1 & 3 (rbc & brain)
2. glut 2 (liver)
3. glut 4 (muscle/adipose)

Front 2

which of the glucose transport proteins are non-hormonal responsive:

Back 2

glut 1 & 3

Front 3

which of the glucose transport proteins are the sensors:

Back 3

glut 2

Front 4

which of the glucose transport proteins are:
1. high affinity
2. low affinity

Back 4

1. glut 4
2. glut 2

Front 5

1. high Km =
2. low Km =

Back 5

1. low affininty
2. high affinity

Front 6

what is normal blood fasting glucose:

Back 6

80-90 mg/dl

Front 7

glycogen stores serve different funcitons in the muscle and liver, what are they:
1. muscle
2. liver

Back 7

1. fuel source
2. source of blood glucose

Front 8

what is glycogenolysis:

Back 8

break down of glycogen

Front 9

which of the glucose transporter proteins are sensitive to insulin:

Back 9

glut 4
glut 2

Front 10

which of the glucose transporter proteins are hormone independent:

Back 10

glut 1 & 3

Front 11

how is glucose trapped inside of a cell:

Back 11

phosphate from ATP is transfered to carbon 6 of glucose

Front 12

what enzymes add phosphate to glucose and where are they found:

Back 12

glucokinase (liver)
hexokinase (other tissue)

Front 13

what does hexokinase work on:

Back 13

glucose and other alternate sugars

Front 14

when blood glucose rises, the glut 2 tranporters in the pancreas sense it and secrete ...

Back 14

insulin

Front 15

which of the glucose transporter proteins gets stimulated by insulin:

Back 15

glut 2 and glut 4

Front 16

hexokinase is hormone (dependent/independent)

Back 16

independent

Front 17

what trapping enzyme is induced by insulin:

Back 17

glucokinase

Front 18

what will inhibit the hexokinase reaction:

Back 18

glucose-6-phosphate

Front 19

glucose-6-phosphate inhibits (glucokinase/hexokinase)

Back 19

hexokinase

Front 20

which has the higher affiniity:
glucokinase or hexokinase

Back 20

hexokinase

Front 21

what is the function of UDP-glucose (uridinediphosphoglucose):

Back 21

activates glucose; carrier of glucose; earmarks for sugar production

Front 22

what is the function of glycogen synthase:

Back 22

puts glucose on in 1,4 linkages and makes straight chain

Front 23

glycogen synthesis happens in what world:

Back 23

insulin

Front 24

most of the biosynthesis takes place in what world:

Back 24

insulin

Front 25

how are branches made in the production of glycogen

Back 25

via 4:6 transferase (branching enzyme)

Front 26

what is the funciton of glycogen phosphorylase:

Back 26

breaks 1,4-linkages

Front 27

if i want to mobilize my glycogen stores by making glucose, glucose ... must be converted to glucose...

Back 27

glucoss-1-phosphate
glucose-6-phosphate

Front 28

what does the debranching enzyme do:

Back 28

breaks the 1,6-linkages

Front 29

where is glucose-6-phosphatase found and what does it do:

Back 29

found only in the liver
takes phosphate off of glucose so it can go into the blood stream and be used by other tissues

Front 30

what is the function of phosphoglucomutase:

Back 30

facilitates the intraconversion of glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate

Front 31

identify the labeled structures:

Back 31

(see figure)

Front 32

what 2 enzymatic activities does the branching enzyme have:
1.
2.

Back 32

1. alpha-1,4-glucosidase (breaks apart the 1,4-linkages in glycogen)

2. alpha-1,4:alpha-1,6 transferase: (moves over the branch and makes the 1,6 linkage)

Front 33

what are the 2 enzymatic activities of the debranching enzyme:

Back 33

1st: alpha-1,6 glucosidase
2nd: alpha-1,4:alpha-1,4 transferase

Front 34

which of the 2 worlds is phosphorylated and which is dephosphorylated:

Back 34

insulin: dephosphorylated
glucagon: phosphorylated

Front 35

glycogen synthase is (off/on) in the insulin world and is (dephosphorylated/phosphorylated) in that world

Back 35

on
dephosphorylated

Front 36

glycogen phosphorylase is (off/on) in the insulin world and is (dephosphorylated/phosphorylated) in that world

Back 36

off
dephosphorylated

Front 37

glycogen synthase is (off/on) in the glucagon world and is (dephosphorylated/phosphorylated) in that world

Back 37

off
phosphorylated

Front 38

glycogen phosphorylase is (off/on) in the glucagon world and is (dephosphorylated/phosphorylated) in that world

Back 38

on
phosphorylated

Front 39

in the (glucagon/insulin) world, what enzyme dephosphorylates everything:

Back 39

insulin
protein phosphatase

Front 40

in the (glucagon/insulin) world, what enzyme phosphorylates everything:

Back 40

protein kinase

Front 41

glucagon and epinephrine bind to beta receptor in ... and start ... where ... phosphorylates what 2 glucagon world enzymes (indicate active or inactive):
1.
2.

Back 41

liver
phosphorylation cascade
cAMP dependent protein kinase
1. glycogen phosphorylase (active)
2. glycogen synthase (inactive)

Front 42

alpha receptor is more abundant in liver and binds ... and is g-protein mediated. you get phosphorylation cascade as a result of activating:
1.
2.

Back 42

epinephrine
phopholipase C
protein kinase C