X_Exam1 Mfm2_46

Front 1

what are the 4 types of hypersensitivity:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 1

1. type I
2. type II
3. type III
4. type IV

Front 2

what are the cells that are involved in allergic reactions:
1.
2.
3.

Back 2

1. mast cells
2. eosinophils
3. basophils

Front 3

Mast cells found in:

Back 3

mucosal and epithelial tissues lining body surfaces

Front 4

Eosinophils are found in:

Back 4

connective tissue underlying epithelia

Front 5

Basophils present in:

Back 5

circulation in very low numbers

Front 6

... of mast cells initiates an inflammatory response

Back 6

degranulation

Front 7

eosinophil degranulation causes degranulation of:

Back 7

inactivated mast cells and basophils

Front 8

allergic or hypersensitivity reactions occur in individuals who produce responses to ...

Back 8

innocuous antigens called allergens

Front 9

subsequent encounter with the same allergen leads to the ...

Back 9

sensitization

Front 10

Allergens are antigen that elicit ...(also name the hypersensitivity type) reactions

Back 10

allergic (hypersensitivity type I)

Front 11

Type I reactions involve ...–mediated release of ... and other mediators from mast cells and basophils

Back 11

immunoglobulin E (IgE)
histamine

Front 12

what are common features of allergens:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 12

1. Effective at low doses
2. Must be proteins in order to stimulate T cell responses
3. Commonly proteases
4. Human dust mite cysteine protease accounts for ~20% of allergies

Front 13

allergic reactions require prior immunization by the ... that elicits an acute response

allergic reactions occur only in ... individuals

Back 13

allergen
sensitized

Front 14

allergen exposure usually occurs at ... in the ... tracts

Back 14

mucosal surface
respiratory and GI

Front 15

what is the Process of sensitization:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 15

1. antigen is taken up by APCs
2. APCs activate T cells to become TH2 effector cells
3. TH2 cells activate B cells and stimulate isotype switching to IgE
4. IgE bind to FcεRI on mast cells preparing for subsequent exposures

Front 16

Ig... responsible for most allergic responses

and the response amplified through participation of what cells:
1.
2.
3.

Back 16

E
1. mast cells
2. basophils
3. activated eosinophils

Front 17

how do granulocytes release their granular content:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 17

1. FcεRI is expressed on mast cells, basophils and on activated eosinophils
2. IgE binds to FcεRI
3. the IgE: FcεRI complex serves as an antigen-specific receptor
4. next encounter with antigens leads activation by the binding of the receptor and then granulocytes release their granular content

Front 18

Mast cell activation is the result of:

Back 18

antigen cross-linking of IgE molecules bound to FcεRI

Front 19

what do mast cell granules contain:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 19

1. histamine
2. heparin
3. TNF-α
4. degradative enzymes

Front 20

Eosinophils and Basophils

Back 20

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