X_Exam1 Mfm2_4

Front 1

biotransformation means:

Back 1

metabolism

Front 2

... includes the therapeutic uses of drugs in dosage forms to alleviate or ameliorate diseases or disorders

Back 2

Pharmacotherapy

Front 3

what is pharmacokinetics:

Back 3

what the body does to the drug (ADME)

Front 4

what is pharmacodynamics:

Back 4

what the drug does to the body (drug actions).

Front 5

pharmacokinetics mainly deals with ... of drugs

(hint: think of the pneumonic)

Back 5

ADME:
absorption
distribution
metabolism (biotransformation)
excretion

Front 6

what does Pharmacokinetics (PK) govern:

Back 6

drug concentration

Front 7

biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action is termed ...

Back 7

pharmacodynamics

Front 8

(pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics) basis of the selection of the most effective therapeutic agents for given diseases (indications).

Back 8

pharmacodynamics

Front 9

what does the following describe:

Mechanisms and effects of drug products (dosage forms) in man

Back 9

Clinical Pharmacology (CP)

Front 10

what does the following describe:

the use of drugs in the prevention and treatment of disease

Back 10

Pharmacotherapeutics (PT)

Front 11

what is the most widely used therapeutic intervention for patients:

Back 11

drug therapy

Front 12

how often does drug therapy work:

Back 12

half of the time or more

Front 13

what is the drug therapy treatment failure for the below descriptions:

1. drug product by best route of administration
2. patient does not take medications as prescribed
3. non optimum or useless agent

Back 13

1. wrong dosage form
2. non-compliance
3. wrong drug

Front 14

what is the drug therapy treatment failure for the below descriptions:

1. subtherapeutic or toxic effects
2. dosing regimen errors

Back 14

1. wrong dose
2. wrong timing

Front 15

define the following drug therapy treatment failures:

1. drug toxicity
2. mutagenicity
3. teratogenicity

Back 15

1. drug concentration related adverse effect
2. causing genetic defects and possibly another type of cancer
3. drug induced birth defects

Front 16

give examples for the following drug therapy treatment failures:

1. allergenicity
2. drug interactions
3. drug food interactions

Back 16

1. anaphylatic shock
2. multiple drug adverse effects
3. food may prevent or enhance drug absoption

Front 17

give examples for the following drug therapy treatment failures:

1. Pharmacogenetic variability of patients
2. gender
3. race

Back 17

1. not selecting best anticancer drugs for breast cancer treatment or reoccurance based on patient genetics
2. male and female responses to female hormones are signicantly different
3. Blacks, Whites, Native American Indians can respond differently to a given drug at the same dose

Front 18

give examples for the following drug therapy treatment failures:

1. Acquired resistance to drug therapy
2. Disease state causes drug to not be absorbed

Back 18

1. antibiotics for MRSA, anticancer drugs that don’t work after a while
2. hypochlorhydria, irritable bowel syndrome and increased peristalsis

Front 19

Drug Therapy Risk-Benefit Ratio is:

Back 19

ability of drug to produce its desired effects with tolerable undesired effects

Front 20

... of a drug all involve the drug’s passage across cell membranes

Back 20

(ADME)

Front 21

what is drug transport:

Back 21

drug molecule movement across barriers

Front 22

what determines if a drug is transported to various sites in the body:
1.
2.

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1. body’s physiologic mechanisms
2. drug’s physical chemical characteristics

Front 23

in concerning drug transfer mechanisms, the important characteristics of a drug are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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1. molecular size
2. molecular shape
3. solubility at site of absorption
4. degree of ionization
5. relative lipid solubility of its ionized and nonionized forms

Front 24

drugs in general pass (between/through) cells

Back 24

through

Front 25

barriers to drug transport (absorption) may be:
1.
2.

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1. singe layer of cells
2. several layers of cells

Front 26

Membrane proteins and lipids can form either ... or ... channels that allow transport of molecules

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hydrophilic
hydrophobic

Front 27

cell membrane bilayer is relative impermeability to ...

Back 27

highly polar molecules

Front 28

drugs cross membranes by either ... or ... processes

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passive
active

Front 29

drugs that cross membranes via passive processes do so by ...

Back 29

passive diffusion along a concentration gradient

Front 30

the greater the ... of the drug, the higher is the concentration of drug in the membrane and the faster is its ...

Back 30

lipid:water partition coefficient
diffusion

Front 31

Most drugs are chemically weak ... or weak ...

Back 31

acids
bases

Front 32

for ionic compounds, the steady state concentrations on both sides of the cell membrane are often dependent on ...

Back 32

differences in pH across the membrane

Front 33

Differences in pH influence the state of ... of the drug molecule on each side of the cell membrane, and on the gradient for the active species

Back 33

ionization

Front 34

(ionic/non-ionic) forms of the drug molecule in solution can get “trapped” on one side of the membrane more than other (ionic/non-ionic) forms (at a constant pH) that can pass the barrier

Back 34

ionic
non-ionic