X_Exam1 Mfm2_37

Front 1

what is the course of a typical acute infection:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 1

1. establishment of infection
2. non-adaptive phase kicks in after pathogens exceed threshold level and get induction of adaptive response
3. adaptive immune response (pathogen is cleared)
4. immunological memory

Front 2

what are the 4 broad categories of human pathogens:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 2

1. bacteria
2. fungi
3. viruses
4. parasites

Front 3

extracellular pathogens are accessible to soluble molecules that include:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 3

1. antibodies
2. complement
3. antimicorbial peptides
4. phagocytosis

Front 4

intracellular pathogens are kill by:
1.
2.

(hint: method)

Back 4

1. destruction of the infected cell
2. respiratory burst

Front 5

exotoxin or endotoxin release causes ... to secrete ... causing a local or systemic reaction

Back 5

phagocytes
cytokines

Front 6

if skin or mucosal layer is compromised allowing pathogens in, the local infection immediately induces the ... response and pathogens are engulfed and destroyed by ... and ...

Back 6

innate immune
neutrophils
macrophages

Front 7

inflammation results from the induction of ... and ... in the early induced response by ... and ...

Back 7

cytokines
acute phase proteins
macrophage
complement

Front 8

... immunity is engaged only when the inflammatory process has failed to eliminate the pathogen

Back 8

adaptive

Front 9

Early induced response/inflammation are activated a ... after appearance of infection
Adaptive response generated ... after initial infection

Back 9

few hours
several days to weeks

Front 10

Failure to eliminate pathogens results in the ... and is initiated in ... tissues

Back 10

adaptive response
secondary lymphoid

Front 11

Cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems work ... to clear the infection

Back 11

collaboratively

Front 12

... is the movement of leukocytes out of the circulatory system, towards the site of tissue damage or infection

Back 12

extravasation

Front 13

what are the steps of extravasation:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 13

1. rolling adhesion
2. tight binding
3. diapedesis
4. migration

Front 14

in extravasation, what happens in the following steps:
1. rolling adhesion
2. tight binding
3. diapedesis
4. migration

Back 14

1. weak binding of L-selectins that are found on lymphocytes
2. LFA-1 (lymphocytes) and ICAMs (endothelium) binding
3. lymphocytes cross the blood vessel wall helped by adhesion molecules and chemokines
4. lymphocytes move into T cell zones

Front 15

Effector cells change their surface molecules:

once the cell becomes an effector T cell their surface expression of ...(adhesion molecule) decreases
instead the effector T cells express ..., an integrin that binds ... on ... of ... in infected and inflamed tissues

Back 15

L-selectin
VLA-4
VCAM-1
endothelial cells
blood vessels

Front 16

the CD45?? isotype is expressed on naïve T cells

the CD45?? isotype is expressed on effector cells

Back 16

RA
Ro

Front 17

Within ... days of an antigen appearing in a lymph node, it has been bound by its ...
... days after the arrival of the antigen, ... cells emigrate from the lymph node into the periphery

Back 17

two
naïve antigen specific T cell
Five
activated effector

Front 18

choose (protective immunity; immunological memory; primary immune response)
1. adaptive immune response to an initial exposure to antigen
2. resistance to specific infection that follows infection or vaccination
3. if an antigen is encountered more than once, the immune response to each subsequent encounter is speedier and more effective

Back 18

1. primary immune response
2. protective immunity
3. immunological memory