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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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skin is composed of three layers:
1. 2. 3. |
1. epidermis
2. dermis 3. subcutaneous tissue |
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The epidermis contains blood and lymph vessels
(true/false) |
false
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the outermost layer of the epidermis, the ..., does not extend down into the hair follicle.
Also notice that the sebaceous gland exits into the ..., and not onto the surface of the skin |
stratum corneum
hair follicle |
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what 3 things about the epidermis make it unfavorable for bacterial growth:
1. 2. 3. |
1. low pH
2. dry 3. dead is continually sloughed off |
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what are the only 3 organisms which routinely infect intact skin:
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1. Staphylococcus aureus
2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3. Propionibacterium acnes |
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... and ... infect hair follicles and an infection involving hair follicles is called ...
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Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis |
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An infected ... at the base of the eyelid is called a stye
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hair follicle
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... infects sebaceous glands
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Propionibacterium acnes
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Folliculitis can give rise to ... also called ...
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boils
furuncles |
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Furuncles can aggregate and extend into deeper tissue. These lesions are called ...
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carbuncles
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Bacteremia is ...
If the bacteremia causes symptoms, it is called ... |
bacteria in the blood
septicemia |
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Patients with carbuncles have fever, indicating ...
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septicemia
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endocarditis is ...
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infection of the heart
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Bacteremia can also lead:
1. 2. |
1. endocarditis
2. osteomyelitis |
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osteomyelitis is
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an infection of the bone
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folliculitis rarely leads to furuncles and carbuncles unless there is some ...
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underlying tissue damage
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what causes a special type of folliculitis associated with using hot tubs:
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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The number of Propionibacterium acne on the skin is very low until a couple of years before puberty, when the numbers can increase ...-fold
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100,000
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acne is an infection of ...
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sebaceous glands
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Injuries which cause breaks in the stratum corneum allow bacteria access to deeper tissues. The resulting infections are categorized as:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. |
1. Impetigo (infection of lower layers of epidermis)
2. Erysipelas (infections of dermis) 3. Cellulitis (infection of subcutaneous fat) 4. Necrotizing fasciitis (infections spreading along fascial plane) 5. Myonecrosis (gas gangrene) |
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The most common causative agents of impetigo are ... and ...
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Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes |
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... is a localized infection of the lower layers of the epidermis.
It usually affects (adults/children) and is commonly located on ... and ... The infection starts as ... that becomes pus-filled and inflamed (pustule) with a red (erythematous) base. A crust forms after the pustule ... |
Impetigo
children the face limbs a small red spot (macule) ruptures |
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... is an infection of the dermis and lymphatics. The affected area shows severe ...
The most common causative agent is ... |
Erysipelas
edema Streptococcus pyogenes |
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where does erysipelas usually occur:
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legs or face
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Erysipelas rarely leads to ... complications
Systemic symptoms of ... and ... are also observed |
systemic
fever chills |
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... is an infection of subcutaneous fat layer. the most common causative agents are:
1. 2. |
Cellulitis
1. Streptococcus pyogenes 2. Staphylococcus aureus |
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Cellulitis symptoms include ..., ..., ... and ..., and margins of affected area are ...
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erythema
pain swelling warmth diffuse |
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if left untreated, cellulitis can lead to more serious localized infections, as well as ... complications such as ...
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systemic
bacteremia |
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cellulitis caused by contaminated seawater is caused by:
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Vibrio vulnificus
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anaerobic cellulitis is caused by ... and is often a ... infection
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Clostridium perfringens
polymicrobial |
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... is a life-threatening infection where the bacteria invade down to the deep facia and spread along the fascial plane
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Necrotizing fasciitis
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the spread of Necrotizing fasciitis is facilitated by ... and ... which separates the tissue layers and destroys tissue
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enzymes
gas production |
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Initial symptoms of Necrotizing fasciitis are:
1. 2. 3. 4. |
1. diffuse erythematous
2. swelling 3. severe pain 4. erythema quickly spreads and the skin becomes dark |
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the two most common causative agents are:
1. 2. |
1. Streptococcus pyogenes
2. Staphylococcus aureus |
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Exposure to contaminated seawater can also cause necrotizing fasciitis. In these cases, the causative agent is ...
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Vibrio vulnificus
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..., also known as clostridial gas gangrene, is a highly lethal infection of the skeletal muscle. Gas is caused by ... and facilitates spreading of the organism
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Myonecrosis
fermentation |
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Necrotizing fasciitis:
The first symptoms are ... and ... Local swelling, fever and apathy are often noticed. This is rapidly followed by ... and ... The mortality rate is ...%, but can be ...% if treatment is delayed |
severe pain
tenderness shock renal failure 30%-50 100 |
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the most common cause of myonecrosis is ..., although other clostridial species can also cause myonecrosis
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Clostridium perfringens
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