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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what exotoxin does Vibrio Cholerae produce:
what does the exotoxin do: |
Cholerae toxin
activates adenylate cyclase which makes cAMP. those levels rise and chloride ions are secreted into lumen causing large amounts of water to be secreted into lumen --> diarrhea and dehydration |
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what exotoxin does Bacillus anthracis produce and what are the subunits:
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Anthrax toxin
Three subunits: EF, LF, PA |
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what are the anthrax toxin subunits:
1. 2. 3. |
1. EF - edema factor
2. LF - lethal factor 3. PA - protective antigen |
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EF (edema factor) is an ..., which increases the intracellular level of cAMP. The toxin causes ... resulting in edema.
LF (lethal factor) is a ... which causes ... |
adenylate cyclase
loss of fluid into tissues protease cell death |
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pertussis toxin ... adenylate cyclase by adding ... group to the protein ... which is an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase.
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stimulates
an ADP-ribosyl Gi |
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... are made within the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell and are injected directly into the cytoplasm of the host cell and are produced only by certain genera of ...
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Type III secreted cytotoxins
Gram-negative bacteria |
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Yersinia species injects proteins that cause ... Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses this mechanism to inject proteins which inhibits ...
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apoptosis
phagocytes |
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what is the secretion process for gram-positive bacteria of exotoxins:
1. 2. 3. |
1. protein to be exported is made as a large pre-protein with a signal sequence on the amino-terminal end of the protein
2. protein is pushed through the cytoplasmic membrane 3. signal sequence is cleaved off |
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for secretion, gram-negative organisms have to transport the protein across ...(number) membranes
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2
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what is the mode of action for type I secretions for gram-negative bacteria:
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organisms form a bridge across both membranes and transport the protein from the cytoplasm to the outside of the cell in one step
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what is the mode of action for type II secretion for gram-negative bacteria:
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organisms transport the secreted protein across the cytoplasmic membrane and have a separate mechanism for transporting the protein across the outer membrane
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what is the mode of action for type III secretion for gram-negative bacteria:
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injects the protein directly into a host cell
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what causes most of the host tissue damage:
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toxins
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inactivated toxin is called:
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toxoid
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toxoids are currently used as vaccines to protect against ... and ...
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diphtheria toxin (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
tetanus toxin (Clostridium tetani) |
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what is the treatment for tetanus:
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1. clean wound
2. give antibiotics 3. vaccinate so you make antibodies against the toxins that are bound to nerves |
