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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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who is responsible for drug liability:
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doctors
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what is pharmacology:
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how the drugs acts on a body
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what is pharmacokinetics:
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how the body acts on the drug
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what are the 4 ways the body can acts on a drug:
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1. absorption
2. distribution 3. metabolism 4. excretion |
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what does the following describe:
Movement of unchanged drug from the site of administration to the site of measurement (typically plasma) |
absorption
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what does the following describe:
Reversible transfer of drug from the site of measurement and the tissue |
disbribution
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what does the following describe:
Conversion of one chemical entity to another |
metabolism
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what does the following describe:
Irreversible loss of chemically unchanged or parent drug |
excretion
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what does the following mean:
absolute bioavailability of atorvastatin (parent drug) is approximately 14% |
out of 100gm taken orally, 14 will make it to the bloodstream
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The low systemic availability is attributed to ... clearance in ... and/or ...
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presystemic
gastrointestinal mucosa hepatic first-pass metabolism |
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blood/plasma ratio of approximately 0.25 indicates ... into red blood cells
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poor drug penetration
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what is the definition of drug absorption:
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Movement of unchanged drug from the site of administration to the site of measurement (typically plasma)
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what is passive diffusion:
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net movement of material from an area of high concentration to an area with lower concentration
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what does the following describe:
soluble in water, but poorly soluble in nonpolar lipids |
Hydrophilic (lipophobic)
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what does the following describe:
soluble in nonpolar lipids, but poorly soluble in water |
Hydrophobic (lipophilic)
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Partition coefficient (...:...): higher partition coefficient means higher ...
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oil
water lipophilicity |
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what are the three major determinants of drug penetration:
1. 2. 3. |
1. size
2. lipophilicity 3. charge (degree of ionization) |
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what are the different ways drugs are transported in the intestine and liver:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. |
1. paracellular absorption
2. carrier mediate at apical and basolateral membranes 3. apical efflux transporters 4. intracellular metabolizing enzymes 5. apical efflux transporters with intracellular metabolizing enzymes |
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When a drug is a weak acid or weak base, its total concentration on one side of a lipophilic membrane may be very different from that on the other side at ..., if the pH values of the two aqueous phases are ... One mechanism producing this concentration difference is the ..., which states that only the ... form can cross the membrane and that the total concentration on each side at equilibrium depends on the degree of ionization. The side with the greater ... has the higher total ...
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equilibrium
different pH partition hypothesis un-ionized ionization concentration |
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Weak acids: HA ↔ A- + H+
Low pH = less ..., more ... High pH = more ..., less ... |
ionized
absorption ionized absorption |
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Weak bases: NH4+ ↔ NH3 + H+
Low pH = more ..., less ... High ph = less ..., more ... |
ionized
absorption ionized absorption |
