X-Rays

Front 1

X-rays are _______ penetrating, _________ rays

Back 1

Highly

Invisible

Front 2

X-rays are electrically _________

Back 2

Neutral

Front 3

X-rays are heterogeneous and _________

Back 3

Polyenergetic

Front 4

X-rays liberate minute amounts of ______ when passing through matter

Back 4

Heat

Front 5

X-rays leave the tube in a ________ line and the diverge from the focus

Back 5

Straight

Front 6

X-rays travel at the speed of light C = _________ cm/sec, ___________ m/sec, or ___________ miles/sec

Back 6

3×1010 cm/sec

3×108 m/sec

186,000 miles/sec

Front 7

X-rays ionize _____ indirectly

Back 7

Gases

Front 8

X-rays cause _________ of certain crystals

Back 8

Fluorescence

Front 9

X-rays _________ be focused by a lens

Back 9

Cannot

Front 10

X-rays affect _________ film and produce a ______ image

Back 10

Photographic

Latent

Front 11

X-rays produce ________ and _________ changes

Back 11

Chemical

Biological

Front 12

X-rays produce ________ and ________ radiation

Back 12

Secondary

Scatter

Front 13

A grouping of particles

Back 13

Quanta ( singular )

Quantum ( plural ) or

Photon

Front 14

Wave-Particle Duality Theory is also known as the

Back 14

The Quantum Theory

Front 15

The x-ray beam is made up of showers of photons or bits of energy that travel in a waveform at the speed of light and have no electric charge

Back 15

Quantum theory

Front 16

Wavelike fluctuations of electric and magnetic fields that are set-up by oscillating ( vibrating ) electrons

Back 16

Electromagnetic radiation

Front 17

A chart or graph that shows the relationship among all known types of electromagnetic radiation classified by wavelengths

Back 17

Electromagnetic spectrum

Front 18

The shortest wavelengths have the __________ energy

Back 18

Highest

Front 19

All ____________ travel at the speed of light, but the do differ in wavelength and ____________

Back 19

Electromagnetic radiation

Frequency

Front 20

Measured from peak to peak and is expressed by the Greek letter lambda ( h )

Back 20

Wavelengths

Front 21

Number of cycles per second and is expressed by f or the Greek letter nu "v"

Back 21

Frequency

Front 22

Frequency is measured in units of ______

Back 22

Hertz

Front 23

Wavelengths is measured from units of ________ to meters

Back 23

Angstroms ( 1 A = 10-10 m )

Front 24

Speed of light formula

Back 24

C = hf or C = hv

Front 25

Wavelength and frequency have an __________ relationship

Back 25

Inverse

Front 26

The primary beam is made up of _______ and _________ radiation

Back 26

Bremsstrahlung

Characteristic

Front 27

Homogeneous and monoenergetic

Back 27

Characteristic

Front 28

Heterogeneous and Polyenergetic

Back 28

Bremsstrahlung

Front 29

X-rays that leave the target and travel through the port or window of the x-ray tube, travel through space and strike the patient

Back 29

Primary beam

Front 30

The percentage of the kinetic energy of the incident electrons that is converted to x-rays

Back 30

Efficiency of x-ray production

Front 31

The efficiency of x-ray production is _______ proportional to the _________ number of the target and the applied potential (kVp)

Back 31

Directly

Atomic

Front 32

Efficiency of x-ray production formula

Back 32

E = K × Z × kVp

E = efficiency (%)

K = is a constant ( 1 × 10-4 )

Z = atomic number of target ( tungsten = 74 )

kVp = peak kVp that we apply ( this is the variable )

Front 33

In diagnostic x-ray, we use wavelengths between ________ Angstroms

Back 33

0.1 to 0.5

Front 34

Instrument that is used to sort the range of intensities. Determines the spectrum or range of intensities of the x-ray beam in wavelengths

Back 34

X-ray spectrometer

Front 35

Range of intensities or relative numbers of x-rays of various wavelengths in a certain x-ray beam

Back 35

X-ray spectrum

Front 36

As an x-ray beam passes through a body of matter, it undergoes _______ by 3 methods

Back 36

Attenuation

Front 37

X-rays that leave the patient and create an image on the film

Back 37

Exit radiation

Front 38

Radiation emitted by the atoms of our body after having absorbed x-rays

Back 38

Secondary radiation

Front 39

The x-ray photons that have undergone a change in direction after interacting with atoms

Back 39

Scatter radiation

Front 40

The majority of x-ray photons pass through the body WITHOUT ANY interaction at all so no damage or changes occur because

Back 40

1. Atoms contain a lot of empty space

2. X-ray photons are electrically neutral so no force attracts them to electrons or the nucleus

Front 41

In the photoelectric interaction, the incident x-ray photon is ____________

Back 41

Completely absorbed

Front 42

The energy of an electron is measured in units of __________

Back 42

Electron volts

Front 43

In the Compton interaction the secondary and scatter radiation consists of

Back 43

A modified scattered photon and a "recoil" electron