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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the three electron target interactions? |
1. Heat production 2. Formation characteristic x-rays 3. Formation bremsstrahlung |
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Anode Heat 1. What is the percentage of kinetic energy of a projectile electron equal heat? 2. What is the percentage of x-rays? |
1. 99% 2. 1% |
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Anode Heat If kVp is increased, what will happen to the tube current and heat production? |
Increase tube current and heat production |
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Anode Heat When Kinetic energy of projectile electron is increase, what will happen to the photon penetrability? |
Increase |
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What happens in a Characteristic Radiation ? ((Test)) |
1. Projectile electron interacts with the inner shell electron, it removes the target atom (Ionization). 2. Outer shell fills its vacancy for inner shell (X-ray emission). * Each photon has specific energy, it = to the difference in binding energies of two shells involved. |
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Characteristic Radiation How many KeV equals to the diagnostic radiograph? |
Only k-shell characteristic x-rays with energy at least 69 KeV. |
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Characteristic Radiation (test) What type of energy is a k-shell x-ray? |
Monoenergetic |
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Characteristic Radiation With a higher atomic number of a target what will happen to the energy? |
Increase |
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Characteristic X-ray A k-shell electron is removed from a tungsten atom and is replaced by an L-shell electron. What is the energy of the characteristic x-ray that is emitted? ((Test)) |
K-shell = 69 keV L-shell = 12 keV M-shell = 3 keV N- shell = 0.6 keV O- shell = 0.1 keV 69 keV - 12 keV = 57 keV |
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Characteristic X-ray An L-shell electron is removed from a tungsten atom and is replaced by an M-shell electron. What is the energy of the characteristic x-ray that is emitted? ((Test)) |
K-shell= 69 keV L-shell= 12 keV M-shell= 3 keV N-shell= 0.6 keV O-shell= 0.1 keV 12 keV - 3 keV = 9 keV |
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What happens in a Brems X-ray ? ((Test)) |
Projectile electron passes nucleus of target atom. Slow down and changes course. Leaves with a reduction of kinetic energy. * Projectile electron= x-ray |
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Brems X-ray ((Test)) |
1. Energy lost 2. No ionization 3. Patient get's hit with a Brems x-ray |
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Brems X-ray Most x-rays equal to? ((Test)) |
Brems (diagnostic range) |
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Brems X-ray
Below a 69 KeV or higher equals to what type of an x-ray? ((Test)) |
Brems |
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Brems X-ray What type of energy is a Brems x-ray and what is the percentage it equals to? ((Test)) |
Polyenergetic 70-90% |
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Brems X-ray If a projectile electron has 94 kEV of energy and after slowing, exits the target with 35 keV what is the energy of the Brems x-ray produced? ((Test)) |
94 keV - 35 keV= 59 keV |
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Brems x-ray If a projectile electron has 80 keV of energy and produces a 62 keV Brems x-ray, what is the maximum energy of Brems x-ray could it produce on a subsequent interaction? |
80 keV- 62 keV= 18 keV |
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Explain what is X-ray emission spectrum ? |
Shows relative number of x-rays at each energy level from 0-100 keV. * Shows a bell curve to the right shows: - High energy - High quality |
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What kind of spectrum is a Characteristic X-ray spectrum known as? ((Test)) |
Discrete or Spectific spectrum |
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What is the binding energy of a Characteristic x-ray spectrum ? |
69 keV (Limited energies) |
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Brems X-ray spectrum What kind of spectrum is it known as? ((Test)) |
Continuous spectrum |
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Brems x-ray spectrum In a Brems x-ray spectrum it has the greatest number of photons which has energy of what_____ maximum photon energy. ((Test)) |
It has the greatest number of photons which has energy 1/3 maximum photon energy. Example: 120 kVp= 40 keV (energy level) Maxium energy x-rays can have numerically = kVp used. |
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What is Minimum Wavelength ? ((Test)) |
X-ray energy is Inversely proportional to proportion to photons wavelength. Energy Increase= Frequency Increase Energy Increase= Wavelength Decrease Frequency Decrease= Wavelength Increase |
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What are the five Factors that affect size and position of x-ray spectrum ? (test) |
1. mAs 2. kVp 3. Added filtration 4. Target material 5. Voltage waveform |
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mAs What happens if there is a change in mAs? |
Directly proportional to amplitude of spectrum * Quality is NOT effected by mAs Example: If double mA form 200 to 400= Twice the number of projectile electrons from cathode-anode. This will double the mAs. |
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mAs If you increase mAs, what will happen to its amplitude? |
Increase amplitude |
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mAs If quantity is increase, what will happen to the quality? (test) |
No change in quality |
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kVp When kVp is increased, what will happen to the amplitude? |
increase amplitude (crest) in spectrum with more high energy x-rays emitted. |
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kVp If there is high energy used, what can happen to its potential occurrence? |
Potential for multiple interactions and increase penetrability. * Increase in Energy and Quantity and Quality |
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What is the 15% rule ? (test) |
15% increase = Double mAs |
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What is Added filtration? |
Absorb low energy x-rays and lets high energy x-rays to pass. |
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Added filtration is known as? |
Hardening of beam |
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How does added filtration effect quality and quantity? (test) |
Increase quality and decrease quanity |
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What does the target material affect? |
Atomic number for target material affect energy quality and quantity of x-ray. |
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Target Material What will happen if there is a high atomic number? |
High binding energy |
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Target Material What will happen if there is a low atomic number? |
Low binding energy |
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Target Material (test) Explain what happens if you increase quantity? |
Increase in Quality. Target material will increase amplitude and it will shift to the right of the bell shape chart. |
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Target Material Explain what happens if you increase quality? |
Increase amplitude and it shifts to the right of the bell shape chart. |
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Voltage Waveform How is this effected and what does it do to quality and quantity? ((Test)) |
Increase voltage ripple = Decrease quality and quantity. |
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Voltage Waveform High frequency generators will produce? |
Most x-rays. |