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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the building blocks used in anabolism:
1. 2. 3. 4. |
1. nucleotides
2. amino acids 3. sugars 4. fatty acids |
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in anabolism, what are the final products:
1. 2. 3. 4. |
proteins
nucleic acids polysaccharides lipids |
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NADPH is produced in what cycle? and is in the (oxidized/reduced) form
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TCA
reduced |
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NADP+ is in the (oxidized/reduced) form
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oxidized
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NADPH is used to make ... during ... using the electron transport chain
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ATP
oxidatvie phosphorylation |
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Hexose MonoPhosphate Shunt or Pentose-phoshosphate Pathway are used for:
1. 2. and create ... |
Reductive Biosynthesis
Drug Detoxification NADPH |
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NADH/NADPH are reducing equivalents which means they ...
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donate electrons
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NAD+/NADP+ are oxidizing agents which means they ...
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accept electrons
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energy produced going from ATP → ADP + Pi is ... and going from ADP → AMP + Pi the energy produces is about ...
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~7Kcal/mole
~7Kcal/mole |
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what is happening in the first stage of metabolism:
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breakdown of large macromolecules into simple subunits:
amino acids simple sugars fatty acids |
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what is happening in the second stage of metabolism:
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breakdown of simple subunits to acetyl CoA and production of limited amts of ATP and NADH
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what is happening in the third stage of metabolism:
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complete oxidation of acetyl CoA to H2O and CO2 and production of large amts of ATP and NADH
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what is happening in RBC's in the insulin world (this is just after eating)
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glucose -> pyruvate
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what is happening in the brain in the insulin world (this is just after eating)
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glucose -> CO2 + ATP
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what is happening in the muscle in the insulin world (this is just after eating)
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glucose -> CO2 + ATP
glucose -> glycogen (energy storage) amino acids -> protein |
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what is happening in the fat in the insulin world (this is just after eating)
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glucose -> CO2 + ATP
glucose -> fat fatty acids -> fat |
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what is happening in the liver in the insulin world (this is just after eating)
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glucose -> CO2 + ATP
glucose -> glycogen amino acids -> pyruvate -> acetyl CoA -> CO2 + ATP fatty acid synthesis cholesterol synthesis |
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what do chylomicrons do:
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transport dietary cholesterol and triacylglycerols
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what is glycolysis:
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oxidation of glucose to either lactate or pyruvate
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what is glycogenesis:
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formation of glycogen from glucose
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what is glycogenolysis:
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breakdown of glycogen stores to produce glucose
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what is gluconeogenesis:
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generation of glucose from pyruvate
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what is happening in RBC's in the glucagon world (post-absorptive state)
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glucose -> pyruvate
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what is happening in the brain in the glucagon world (post-absorptive state)
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glucose -> CO2 + ATP
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what is happening in muscle in the glucagon world (post-absorptive state)
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fatty acids -> CO2 + ATP
ketone bodies -> CO2 + ATP protein (muscle) -> amino acids |
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what is happening in adipose in the glucagon world (post-absorptive state)
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stored fat -> CO2 + ATP
stored fat -> glycerol (then exported) stored fat -> fatty acid (then exported) |
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what is happening in liver in the glucagon world (post-absorptive state)
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fatty acid (from adipose) -> CO2 + ATP
fatty acid (from adipose) -> ketone bodies (that are taken up by muscle) amino acid -> glucose lactate (from rbc) -> glucose |
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during starvation state, protein is spared and the brain uses ... for fuel
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ketone bodies
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the insulin world is (phosphorylated/dephosphorylated)
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dephosphorylated
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the glycogen world is (phosphorylated/dephosphorylated)
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phosphorylated
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Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) is when ...
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you first wake up and the energy required to maintain life
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what is Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
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amount of energy expended while at rest
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how many calories are in 1 gram of EtOH
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7
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