X Eye Histology Anatomy Exam2 Dcom

Front 1

what are the three layers (tunics) of the eye:
1.
2.
3.

Back 1

1. fibrous (external) tunic
2. vascular (middle) tunic or uvea.
3. nervous tunic (retina)

Front 2

the fibrous tunic consists of:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 2

1. sclera
2. limbus
3. cornea
4. conjunctiva

Front 3

the conjunctiva consists of 2 parts. what are they and what do they cover:
1.
2.

Back 3

1. bulbar - covers the front, external eyeball
2. palpebral -lines the under surface of the eyelids

Front 4

what kind of muscles insert into the sclera?

Back 4

Extraocular skeletal muscles

Front 5

the sclera consists of a vascularized dense regularly arranged connective tissue, what is its functions:

Back 5

maintains the size and form of the eye.

Front 6

what is the blood supply to the cornea?

Back 6

it has no direct blood supply

Front 7

the outermost layer of the cornea is called the ... and is a stratified squamous, nonkeratinized epithelium

Back 7

Anterior epithelium

Front 8

underneath the anterior epithelium of the cornea is ... - a basement membrane network of irregular fine fibrils of collagen.

Back 8

Bowman's membrane

Front 9

the largest cornea layer is the ... and it constitutes the bulk of cornea, consists of many orthogonal laminae of highly ordered, uniform collagen fibrils with fibroblasts between the laminae.

Back 9

stroma

Front 10

just beneath the stroma layer lies ... an acellular, homogenous basement membrane, made of an atypical form of collagen. and just beneath that is the final layer,
... that forms the posterior surface of cornea and is a single layer of squamous to cuboidal cells.

Back 10

Descemet's membrane
Endothelium (mesenchymal epithelium)

Front 11

the junction between transparent cornea and opaque sclera is called the ...

Back 11

corneoscleral junction or limbus

Front 12

the vascular tunic consists of:
1.
2.
3.

Back 12

1. choroid
2. ciliary body
3. iris

Front 13

identify the labeled structures:

Back 13

(see figure)

Front 14

the ... lies just beneath the sclera and is heavily vascularized and contains many pigment-containing cells in stroma.

Back 14

vascular tunic

Front 15

Innermost portion of choroid contains numerous capillaries (choriocapillary layer), which provides nutritional exchange for outermost layers of the retina through ... (basal lamina).

Back 15

Bruch's membrane

Front 16

... contains the ... muscle (smooth muscle) which is used to change the shape of the lens by way of the ... fibers.

Back 16

ciliary body
ciliary
ciliary zonule

Front 17

the ... is in the anterior portion of uvea. It is a diaphragm which controls amount of light entering the eye

Back 17

iris

Front 18

... and ... muscles in the stroma of the iris control pupillary size.

Back 18

sphincter pupillae
dilator pupillae

Front 19

the stroma of the iris also contains pigmented cells called ...

Back 19

melanocytes

Front 20

identify the labeled iris muscles:
a.
b.

Back 20

(see figure)

Front 21

the lens is a transparent, flexible, biconvex disc which functions in near and distant vision. Changes of its curvature (shape), due to the action of the ... and ... change the focal point on the retina.

Back 21

zonule fibers
ciliary muscles

Front 22

to what do the ciliary zonule fibers attach?

Back 22

lens capsule

Front 23

the anterior portion of the lens is covered with ... cells and the lens substance is composed of laminated interdigitating elongated cells called ...

Back 23

simple cuboidal epithelial
lens fibers

Front 24

identify the labeled structures:
a.
b.

Back 24

(see figure)

Front 25

what is accommodation:

Back 25

when the eye accommodates for close vision

Front 26

what happens in accommodation:
1.
2.
3.

Back 26

convergence of eyes
curvature of lens increased
pupil constricts

Front 27

is this near or far vision?

Back 27

far vision

Front 28

is this near or far vision?

Back 28

near vision

Front 29

what is the aqueous humor composed of and what is it produced by:

Back 29

mostly water and practically no proteins, and is produced by the cells on the ciliary processes

Front 30

where is the aqueous humor located:

Back 30

anterior and posterior chambers of the eye

Front 31

Fills the space (vitreous cavity) between lens and retina. This gel is 99% water and also contains collagen fibers and glycosaminoglycans (mainly hyaluronic acid).

Back 31

Vitreous Body

Front 32

circular channel in the eye that collects aqueous humor from the anterior chamber and delivers it into the bloodstream

Back 32

canal of Schlemm

Front 33

spongy, mesh-like tissue surrounding the iris that allows the aqueous fluid (humor) to flow to Schlemm's canal then out of the eye through ocular veins.

Back 33

spaces of fontana

Front 34

what layer of the eye does this describe:

The inner coat of the posterior part of the eye that contains photoreceptors

Back 34

Nervous Tunic (Retina)

Front 35

specialized area where vision is most acute is the ... where photoreceptors are essentially bare

Back 35

fovea centralis (macula)

Front 36

fovea centralis (macula) contains only ...

Back 36

cones

Front 37

the ... where the optic nerve leaves the eye and there are no photoreceptors

Back 37

optic papilla

Front 38

... layer of the retina prevents diffusion of light between photoreceptors and makes contact with ... membrane of the choroid

Back 38

Pigment epithelium
Bruch's

Front 39

the next layer after the pigment epithelium is the layer of ... followed by the ... layer that contains ... belonging to ...

Back 39

rods and cones
Outer nuclear
nuclei
rods and cones

Front 40

photoreceptors are ...

Back 40

rods and cones

Front 41

the layer where rods and cones synapse with bipolar cells is called the ... layer

Back 41

Outer plexiform

Front 42

the ... layer contains nuclei belonging to bipolar cells

Back 42

Inner nuclear

Front 43

the ... layer is where bipolar cells synapse with ganglion cells

Back 43

Inner plexiform layer

Front 44

the ... layer contains nuclei of ganglion cells

Back 44

Ganglion cell

Front 45

the ... layer consists of the central processes (axons) of the ganglion cells which gather together at the optic papilla, pass through the sclera and leave the eye as the optic nerve.

Back 45

Optic nerve fiber

Front 46

as the optic nerve leaves the rear of the eyeball, the optic nerve fibers become myelinated by the action of ...

Back 46

oligodendrocytes

Front 47

... make interconnections with rods and cones

Back 47

horizontal cells

Front 48

... make interconnections with ganglion cells

Back 48

amacrine cells

Front 49

... are supportive neuroglial cells

Back 49

Müller cells

Front 50

identify the layers of the retina:

Back 50

(see figure)

Front 51

the ... is a movable fold of skin which protects and lubricates the eye

Back 51

eyelid

Front 52

the ... is Mucous membrane which covers inner surface of eyelid and part of sclera. It is continuous with the anterior corneal epithelium at the limbus

Back 52

conjunctiva

Front 53

the ... located in superior lateral region of orbit, it produces tears which act to lubricate the conjunctival surface of the eyeball and eyelid

Back 53

lacrimal gland

Front 54

the lacrimal gland has several excretory ducts which open laterally into the ... of the eye

Back 54

fornix

Front 55

Tears are drained ... from the eye surface into the ... that open up into the superior and inferior ... then into the ... and down to the ...

Back 55

medially
lacrimal puncta
lacrimal canaliculi
lacrimal sac
nasolacrimal duct

Front 56

the eye arises from the ... around the 22nd-28th day, and induces special structures that develop out of ... and ...

Back 56

diencephalon
ectoderm
mesoderm

Front 57

the initial structure of the eye is called the ...
as it develops it interacts with ectoderm and mesoderm to form the structure that we ultimately see as the eye.

Back 57

optic vesicle

Front 58

Optic cup forms at ... days which is induced by the ...

Lens vesicle forms at ... days
which is formed from ...

Back 58

32
Lens vesicle
30
ectoderm

Front 59

Lens vesicle induces invagination of optic vesicle to become ... at 32 days.

Back 59

optic cup

Front 60

Mesodermal derivatives of eye:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 60

1. Sclera
2. Choroid layer
3. Ciliary body
4. Muscles of iris

Front 61

Ectodermal derivatives of the eye:

Back 61

1. Lens
2. Cornea

Front 62

Neural derivatives of eye:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 62

1. Pigment epithelium
2. Neural retina
3. Pigmented portion of iris
4. Optic nerve

Front 63

Note, vitreous humor and aqueous humor spaces were formerly ... cells left to create acellular space.

Back 63

mesodermal

Front 64

The optic cup leaves a slit on its inferior portion, called the ... that allows the central artery of the retina to grow into it

Back 64

choroid fissure

Front 65

Failure of fusion of the choroid fissure creates ... that may only involve iris, or may include inferior part of retina

Back 65

a slit under the eye