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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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... is the mechanism by which a cell transports proteins to the appropriate positions within the cell or outside of it
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protein targeting/sorting
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protein targeting/sorting is guided by ... within the polypeptide chain itself
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targeting signals
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all proteins have ... that is a short amino acid sequence at the N-terminal end of a polypeptide chain that acts as a postal code for the target organelle
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signal peptide
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... are separate portions of the peptide chain that are brought together when the protein folds and act to target proteins to specific cellular locations
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signal patch
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identify whether the protein for the below destination is translated on RER or free ribosome:
secretory vesicles nucleus mitochondria plasma membrane peroxisomes lysosomes |
secretory vesicles = RER
nucleus = free mitochondria = free plasma membrane = RER peroxisomes = free lysosomes = RER |
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in the secretory pathway, proteins go from ... to the ... then they go to one of 3 destinations:
1. 2. 3. |
RER
golgi complex plasma membrane lysosome secreted |
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this kind of protein secretion is unregulated and is direct to the cell membrane for immediate exocytosis
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continuous
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this kind of protein secretion is regulated and triggered by an external signal
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regulated
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in regulated secretion, proteins are packaged into ... coated transport vesicles that fused to form ...
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clathrine
condensing vesicles |
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condensing vesicles are emptied of their content and return in transport vesicles to the Golgi, This concentrates the secretory content and ...
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maintains amount of golgi membrane
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in N-linked glycosylation, sugar is added to NH2 on ...
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asparagine
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Lysosomal enzymes are ... glycoproteins (where is the sugar linkage)
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N linked
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Phosphotransferase in the (trans/cis) Golgi compartment attaches phosphate to ... because it recognizes the ... that it is attached to
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cis
mannose 6 acid hydrolase |
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M6P is the routing signal for ... and lysosomal proteins are transported to primary lysosomes by a ... system.
This transport occurs at the ... |
lysosomes
mannose-6-phosphate receptor trans golgi |
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lysosome ph is ... and they contain more than 40 ...
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5
acid hydrolases |
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I-cell disease is caused by a deficiency of the ability to ...
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phosphorylate mannose
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what are the 2 types of lysosomes:
1. 2. |
primary lysosome
secondary lysosome |
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(primary/secondary) lysosomes are located near the Golgi complex; contains hydrolytic enzymes but has not yet began digestive process.
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primary
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(primary/secondary) lysosomes contain heterogeneous material in matrix (substances being digested).
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secondary
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... are large vacuoles containing undigested (undigestible) material; become lipofuscin or age pigments which accumulate in certain cells.
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residual bodies
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... are finely granular yellow brown pigment granules composed of lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion
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lipofuscin
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the function of lysosomes is to ...
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break down most biological macromolecules into molecules useful to the cell
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