X Endocytosis Mfm Exam2 Dcom

Front 1

there are 3 forms of endocytosis:
1.
2.
3.

Back 1

1. phagocytosis
2. pinocytosis
3. Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Front 2

in the process of phagocytosis, what gets ingested:

Back 2

bacteria
foreign bodies
cell debris

Front 3

what types of cells perform phagocytosis:
1.
2.
3.

Back 3

1. macrophages
2. neutrophils
3. dendritic cells

Front 4

briefly describe phagocytosis:

Back 4

plasma membrane evaginates (pseudopod formation) which involves reorganization of actin and myosin cytoskeletal components

Front 5

describe Phagocytosis of a Bacterium by a Macrophage:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 5

1. attachment and activation of surface receptors
2. actin rearrangement and engulfment
3. formation of phagolysosome
4. degradation

Front 6

lysosomes have 40 ... enzymes that are only fully active at pH 4.8

Back 6

hydrolytic

Front 7

lysosomal enzymes synthesized in the RER specifically targeted to lysosomes with ...

Back 7

mannose-6-phosphate tag

Front 8

what are the 5 types of hydrolytic enzymes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Back 8

1. lypases
2. proteases
3. nucleases
4. acid hydrolases
5. carbohydrases

Front 9

I-Cell Disease (“I”=inclusion) is caused by a genetic defect in ... resulting in the ... never reaching the lysosme

Back 9

M6P phosphotransferase
lysosomal enzymes

Front 10

defects in metabolism of sphingolipids cause an accumulation of ... in lysosomes

Back 10

lipid

Front 11

what are the clinical manifestations of I-cell disease:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Back 11

1. developmental delay, growth failure
2. inguinal or umbilical hernias
3. skeletal abnormalities
4. restricted joint movement
5. coarse facial features
6. recurrent respiratory tract infections
7. congestive heart failure

Front 12

lipid storage diseases mainly effect:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 12

nervous system
liver
spleen
bone marrow

Front 13

what is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Back 13

phagocytosis is specific and regulated process while pinocytosis is nonspecific

Front 14

pinocytosis involves the process of ... of the cell membrane where ... forms involving the reorganization of actin

Back 14

evagination
pseudopod

Front 15

the selective uptake of specific macromolecules is called ...

Back 15

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Front 16

... involves invagination of plasma membrane and pinching off to form vesicles

Back 16

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Front 17

there are 2 main types of Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis:
1.
2.

Back 17

1. clathrin-mediated
2. caveolin-mediated/clathrin-independent

Front 18

Various Ligands Use Receptor Mediated Endocytosis to Enter Cells such as: (only need to name a few)

Back 18

LDL
transferrin
transcobalamin
immunoglobulins
insulin
glucagon
luteinizing hormone
prolactin
EGF
nerve growth factor
growth hormone
thyroid hormone
calcitonin
PDGF
catecholamines
viruses, toxins

Front 19

in clathrin-mediated endocytosis receptors located in specialized regions of the plasma membrane called ...

Back 19

clathrin-coated pits

Front 20

in clathrin-mediated endocytosis ... binding to receptor causes assembly of ... and inward budding of a clathrin-coated vesicle

Back 20

ligand
clathrin cage

Front 21

the key players in clathrin-mediated endocytosis are:
1.
2.
3.

Back 21

1. clathrin
2. adaptin (AP2)
3. dynamin

Front 22

... receptor binding stimulates the attachment of clathrin.

Back 22

adaptin

Front 23

... acts as a collar constriction

Back 23

dynamin

Front 24

clathrin cage dissociates to allow vesicles to fuse and form ...

Back 24

early endosomes

Front 25

the proton pumps maintain pH 6 in the ...

Back 25

early endosome

Front 26

pH continues to drop to 5-6 and degradation begins in the ...

Back 26

Late Endosomes

Front 27

whorls or vesicles may form within the late endosome that
eventually fuses with ...

Back 27

lysosome

Front 28

LDL enters cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis and is clathrin (independent/dependent)

... on LDL particles serves as ligand and early endosomes recycle LDL receptor

Back 28

dependent
apoB-100

Front 29

late endosome/lysosome is site of accumulation of free ...

Back 29

cholesterol

Front 30

in familial hypercholesterolemia there is a genetic defect in either ... or ... which results in elevated ... due to the inability of cells to uptake LDL and premature cardiovascular disease

Back 30

LDL receptor
apoB ligand
serum cholesterol

Front 31

... defect in cholesterol trafficking disease due to mutation in ... where cholesterol accumulates in ... forming distinct whorls creating “foamy” cells

Back 31

Niemann Pick Disease Type C
NPC1 protein
late endosomes

Front 32

caveolin-1 protein + (area on membrane)... are responsible for selective uptake of molecules - this kind of endocytosis is called ...

Back 32

lipid rafts
Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis

Front 33

... is responsible for transcytosis

Back 33

Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis

Front 34

what are the other roles of caveolae and caveolin besides endocytosis:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 34

1. Uptake of viruses and bacteria
2. Cholesterol homeostasis
3. Signal transduction
4. Tumorigenesis/tumor suppressor

Front 35

endocytosis of a molecule on one side of the cell followed by exocytosis of the molecule on the opposite side of the cell
is called ...

Back 35

Transcytosis

Front 36

viruses and toxins have several means to gain entry into cells one of these ways is via ... ligands

Back 36

Opportunistic Endocytic