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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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reparations
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-financial compensation
-Germany ordered to pay these through Treaty of Versailles b/c it was though that they (and Austria) were responsible for starting war -money paid for their damage towards Allied gov'ts for imposing agression upon them |
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war guilt clause
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-article 231 in Treaty of Versailles
-says Germany and Austria were responsible for starting war -Germans very unhappy with this clause |
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Treaty of Versailles
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-holds Germany responsible for war
-makes Germany reduce army, cut back navy, eliminate air force -Alsace-Lorraine returned from Germany to France, sections of Prussia go to new Polish state -German military forced to move westward against France -German gov't resist treaty would lead to renewal of war |
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League of Nations
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-wanted by Woodrow Wilson
-would prevent future wars and make peace last |
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Kaiser William II
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-hates Serbians
-Kaiser of Germany -allied with Austria -believes common loyalty to a monarch is stronger than ethnic kinship -puts fate of his nation in other hands |
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George Clemenceau
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-premier of France
-leads country to victory after French people suffer a lot from German aggression -wanted revenge but wanted ot be safe from German aggression -wants German weapons taken away and wants their money to pay for war -George's ideas denounced by Wilson b/c ideas are only in France's best interest -part of Paris Peace Conference |
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Woodrow Wilson
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-U.S. president
-wants peace (Fourteen Points and League of Nations) -present in Paris Peace Conference -wants less national weapons and military forces |
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David LLoyd George
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-prime minister of Great Britain
-won "decisive victory" in elections by making Germans pay for the war, which was his approach to peace -this complicates deliberations of Paris Peace Conference because it opposes French approach to peace (they want national security) -part of 'Big Four' at Paris Peace Conference |
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Paris Peace Conference
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-decision made to create 'League of Nations' to keep peace and prevent future wars
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Fourteen Points
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-guiding principles to get peace
-self-determination -includes open covenants of peace, no secret diplomacy, less national weapons and military forces, each people can have own state |
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propoganda
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-play upons peoples insecurities (masculinity)
-dehumanize other side -exagerrate atrocities of other side -how patriotic are you really? -getting people to buy war bonds |
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planned economics
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-systems directed by gov't agencies
-set up price, wage, and rent controls -ration food supplies and materials -regulate imports and exports and take over transportation systems and industries |
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brinkmanship
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-practice of threatening to go to war to achieve one's goals
-diplomacy based off of it-very frightening b/c each nation-state does everything for own self-interest -leaders think war is acceptable way to preserve national states's power |
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armistice
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-peace/end of WWI
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mass conscription
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-a military draft
-established as regular practice in Western countries before 1914(not in U.S. or U.K.) -with draft, European armies doubled, Russia has largest military -with growth of armies, influence of military leaders grows |
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war of attrition
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-war based on wearing other side down with constant attacks and heavy losses
-warfare in trenches, wars now involve movement and maneuver -very violent, lots of injuries |
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modern war
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-war with use of technology
-no longer swords, now guns, tanks, submarines, airplanes, mustard gas |
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trench warfare
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-fighting from ditches, protected by barbed wire
-during war b/t French and Germans, neither can dislodge each other from trenches -English Channel to frontiers of Switzerland filled w/ 2 lines of trenches |
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British and German Naval Rivalry
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-British have strong navy, fearful of German navy
-German navy is threat to Britain -Germany keeps trying to expand navy |
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A-H's ultimatum
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-send demands to Serbia to take responsibility for Black Hand
-supress nationalist groups -Serbia tries to meet all the demands but there are too many |
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Franz Ferdinand
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-archduke of A-H
-assassinated by Serbian terrorist Princip |
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Schliefflen Plan
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-military plan
-drawn up by General Alfred von Schlieffen -plan to invade France quickly -Germany declares war on France b/c they can't just mobilize tropps against Russia |
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Black Hand
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-Serbian terrorist organization that wanted Bosnia free of Austria-Hungary
-member Gavrillo Princip assassinates Franz Ferdinand |
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pan-slavism
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-long term cause of WWI
-large national identityunites all Slavs (Russia and Serbia) -makes A-H paranoid |
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Balkans
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-Serbia, Yugoslavia, A-H
-region of south-eastern Europe |
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Triple Entente
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-Britain, France, Russia
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Triple Alliance
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A-H, Italy, Germany
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unrestricted submarine warfare
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-Germans want to end deadlock, convince Emperor William II that this warfare would starve British into submisssion
-German naval officers wrong, British not forced to surrender -return of unrestricted submarine warfare brings US into war |
