Wwi

Front 1

Hague Tribunal

Back 1

a world court to settle dispute between nations. Couldn't force nations to submit disputes or follow rulings.

Front 2

Pan-Slavism

Back 2

strong sense of nationality from Russians, united Slavs.

Front 3

Central Powers

Back 3

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. (AKA Triple Alliance)

Front 4

Allies

Back 4

Britian, france, and Russia (AKA Triple entente)

Front 5

Pacifism

Back 5

opposition to all war.(Org. such as the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom promoted this idea)

Front 6

militarism

Back 6

glorification of the military. (Grew out of Social Darwinism – survival of the fittest)

Front 7

entente

Back 7

nonbinding agreement to follow common policies, not as strong as treaty. (In 1904 Britain and France signed one)

Front 8

Francis Ferdinand

Back 8

archduke (of austria-hungary) assasinated --> WWI!!

Front 9

Gavrilo Princip

Back 9

assasinate archduke ferdinand

Front 10

Shlieffen Plan

Back 10

designed so germans could not fight on two fronts. Germany had to defeat France quickly, then it would fight Russia.

Front 11

Ultimatum

Back 11

Final set of demands (Austria sent Serbia a sweeping ultimatum to avoid war they said Serbia must end all anti-Austrian agitation and punish any Serbian officer involved in a murder plot and it must let Austria join investigation to find Ferdinand’s murderer.)--> Austria declared war on Serbia

Front 12

mobilize

Back 12

prepare military forces for war. (Russia began to do this and Germany responded by declaring war)

Front 13

neutrality

Back 13

policy of supporting neither side in war

Front 14

western front

Back 14

Germany had hoped to have quick victory on front, but they were wrong. Trench warfare created a stalemate on front.

Front 15

Verdun

Back 15

Germany tried to overwhelm French, but French let out battle cry “They shall not pass” and held strong for 11 months, but it cost more than ½ a million casualties on both sides.

Front 16

Somme

Back 16

60,000 british soldiers killed in one day and then over next 5 months over 1million soldiers killed w/o either side having winning advantage.

Front 17

tannenberg

Back 17

russians suffered worst defeat ever --> retreat --> nnow fighting on Russian soil (not equipped for modern warfare)

Front 18

caporetto

Back 18

Austrians and Germans launchd major offensive on Caporetto italy, as bad as tanneberg was for Russia. Britain and France aided them.

Front 19

Gallipoli

Back 19

Turkish troops tied down allies -10 months, 10,000 casualties then allies surrendered

Front 20

TE LAwrence

Back 20

(AKA Lawrence of Arabia) The British sent him to support revolt Arab revolt. He led guerrilla raids against the Turks, dynamiting bridges, and supply trains. Eventually the Ottoman Empire lost a great deal of land to the Arabs.

Front 21

Stalemate

Back 21

a deadlock in which neither side can defeat the other

Front 22

no mans land

Back 22

between trenches Empty space filled w/shell holes and destroyed areas.

Front 23

Zepplins

Back 23

large gas-filled balloons used for bombing.

Front 24

U Boats

Back 24

german subs

Front 25

Convoy

Back 25

group of merchant ships protected by war ships

Front 26

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Back 26

Russia withdrew from war. Lenin (Russia) signed treaty with Germany, which ended Russia’s participation in WWI. This had an immediate impact on the war. Germany could now concentrate on the western front. 1918 central powers looked ready to achieve breakthrough, that was long awaited.

Front 27

Woodrow Wilson

Back 27

freedom of the seas (bc neutral) --> Luisitania

Front 28

Lusitania

Back 28

A British ship carrying 128 Americans that was bombed by the Germans, the Germans argued that it was carrying weapons.

Front 29

Fourteen Points

Back 29

(a list of his terms for resolving this a future wars) Woodrow Wilson’s speech that states freedom of the seas, free trade, large-scale reduction of arms, and an end to secret treaties. He also favored self-determination. He also urged creation of “general association of nations” to keep peace in the future.

Front 30

total war

Back 30

the channeling of a nations entire resources into a war effort

Front 31

Conscription

Back 31

the draft

Front 32

propoganda

Back 32

spreading of ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause.

Front 33

atrocity

Back 33

horrible acts against innocent people. (British and French press circulated atrocities about their enemies and often they were greatly exaggerated or even made up.)

Front 34

Self-Determination

Back 34

the right of the people to decide what type of govt.

Front 35

armistice

Back 35

agreement to stop the fightting. (German government sought armistice w/allies)

Front 36

David Lloyd George

Back 36

British prime minister, who knew that the people demanded harsh treatment for Germany. He said that he would build a post-war Britain “fit for heroes” (a goal that would cost $)

Front 37

Georges Clemenceau

Back 37

: AKA “The Tiger” for his fierce anti-German war policy. His chief goal was to weaken Germany so that it could never again threaten France. (President Wilson’s Fourteen Points bored him!)

Front 38

League of Nations

Back 38

wilson - collective security

Front 39

Treaty of Versailles

Back 39

June 1919, Germans forced to sign treaty drawn up by allies. It forced Germany to assume full blame for the war, imposed HUGE reparations (destruction of war and pensions of millions of allied soldiers), limited size of their military, returned Alsace and Lorraine to France, removed hundreds of square miles of territory from Germany, and stripped Germany of its overseas colonies. Total reparations = 30 billion$. This was the spark that eventually leads to a whole new WW.

Front 40

Pandemic

Back 40

worldwide spread diesease, killed 20 million people 2xx the amount the war did.

Front 41

reparations

Back 41

payment for war damage

Front 42

collective security

Back 42

a system in which a group of nations act as one to preserve peace of all.

Front 43

Mandate

Back 43

territories administered by western powers. (included in many of the allies treaties)