Wvsom Msk - Lower Limb Overview

Front 1

Compare & Contrast lower limb rotation with upper limb rotation during development

Back 1

Rotation causes the embryological relationship to be opposite that of the upper limb

Dorsal embryological origin = anterior leg = extensors (& lateral rotators and abductors)

Ventral embryological origin = posterior leg = flexors (& medial rotators and adductors)

Front 2

Describe the superficial fascia

Back 2

loose connective tissue, fat, superficial veins & nerves.

Front 3

Describe the Deep fascia

Back 3

Fascia lata - Deep fascia of the thigh

Iliotibial tract - Thickened laterally & reinforced with longitudinal fibers, continuous inferior to the knee

Crural fascia - deep fascia of the leg

Front 4

Describe the Great Saphenous vein

Back 4

begins in medial aspect (dorsal venous arch), courses anterior to medial malleolus, terminates in the femoral vein.

- Most common site for transfusion of blood & injection of fluids in infants.

- has 1-way valves to limit retrograde blood flow

- saphenous nerve runs with the greater saphenous vein in the lower leg.

Front 5

Describe the femoral triangle

Back 5

neurovascular structures enter the anterior thigh deep to the inguinal ligament

The triangle is formed by the inguinal ligament, sartorius, and adductor longus.

It contains NAVEL.

Concern: lacunar ligament herniation

Front 6

Describe the popliteal fossa

Back 6

Medial boundary: semimembranosus & medial head of gastrocnemius

Lateral boundary: biceps femoris & lateral head of gastrocnemius

All neurovascular structures traveling from thigh to leg pass through this space.

Contents: end of the small saphenous vein, popliteal artery & vein, tibial & common fibular nerve, lymph nodes.

Front 7

Describe the posterior compartment of the Pelvic girdle

Back 7

Gluteal region, ABductors & extensors, Deep gluteal are medial rotators.

Innervation: posterior division of the lumbosacral plexus, superior & inferior nerves.

Front 8

Describe the anterior compartment of the pelvic girdle

Back 8

Iliopsoas - flexor of the thigh

Innervation - posterior division nerves from lumbosacral plexus

Femoral triangle

Front 9

Describe the posterior thigh compartment

Back 9

Muscles: hamstrings

Function: flexor of the knee

Nerve: tibial division of the sciatic nerve

Artery: Deep femoral artery

Front 10

Describe the Anterior thigh compartment

Back 10

Muscles: Rectis Femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius, Sartorius

Function: extensor of the knee except for Sartorisu (flexes knee)

Nerve: femoral nerve

Artery: femoral artery

Front 11

Describe the Medial thigh compartment

Back 11

Muscles: Adductor Brevis|Longus|Magnus, Pectineus, Gracilis

Function: adduction & medial rotation

Nerve: Obturator n

Artery: Obturator a. & Deep Femoral a.

Front 12

Describe the Deep Posterior leg compartment

Back 12

Muscles: Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor digitorum longus, Tibialis posterior, Popliteus, Plantaris

Function:plantar flexion of the foot

Nerve: Tibial n

Artery: Posterior Tibial a.

Front 13

Describe the Superficial Posterior leg compartment

Back 13

Muscles: Gastrocnemius & Soleus

Function: Plantar flexion of the foot

Nerve: Tibial n

Artery: Posterior Tibial a.

Front 14

Describe the Anterior leg compartment

Back 14

Muscles: Tibialis anterior, Extensor digitorum longus, Extensor hallucis longus

Function: Extensors, Dorsiflexion of toes

Nerve: Deep fibular n.

Artery: Fibular a.

Front 15

Describe the Lateral leg compartment

Back 15

Muscles: Peroneus, Fibularis Longus|Brevis|Tertius

Function: eversion, weak plantar flexion

Nerve: Superficial fibular n.

Artery: Fibular a.

Front 16

List the compartments of the foot

Back 16

Lateral

Central

Interosseous

Dorsal

Medial

Front 17

Describe the muscles in the medial compartment of the foot

Back 17

Nerve: Medial plantar nerve

Artery: Posterior Tibial a.

Muscles: 1 LAFF

Front 18

Define 1 LAFF

Back 18

First Lumbrical m.

Abductor hallucis m.

Flexor hallucis brevis m.

Flexor digitorum brevis m.

Front 19

Describe the muscles in the Lateral compartment of the foot

Back 19

Nerves: Lateral Plantar n.

Muscles: Abductor digiti minimi m., Flexor digiti minimi m.,

Front 20

Describe the muscles in the Central compartment of the foot

Back 20

Nerves: Lateral plantar n. & a.

Muscles: Flexor digitor brevis, Quadratus plantae, Lumbricals, Adductor hallucis, digital tendons

Front 21

Describe the muscles in the Interosseous compartment of the foot

Back 21

Nerves: Deep plantar

Muscles: Dorsal & Plantar Interossei

Front 22

Describe the muscles in the Dorsal compartment of the foot

Back 22

Nerves: Lateral & Medial plantar a. & branches

Muscles: Extensor digitorum brevis, Extensor hallucis brevis

Front 23

Describe the 3 arches of the foot

Back 23

Medial Longitudinal arch

Lateral longitudinal arch

Transverse arch

Front 24

What tarsals create the transverse arch and which tendons support it

Back 24

Cuboid & Cuneiform

Tibialis posterior & Fibularis longus

Front 25

Describe the location of the L1 dermatome

Back 25

Inguinal line

Front 26

Describe the location of the L2 dermatome

Back 26

Anterior-medial thigh

Front 27

Describe the location of the L4 dermatome

Back 27

Anterior Knee

Front 28

Describe the location of the L5 dermatome

Back 28

Antero-lateral leg

Plantar & Dorsal center of surface of the foot

Front 29

Describe the location of the S1 dermatome

Back 29

Postero-lateral leg

Lateral Foot (anterior & posterior)

Front 30

Describe the location of the S2 dermatome

Back 30

Posterior Axial line

Front 31

List the sequence of nerves of the lumbosacral plexus.

Back 31

Subcostal n., Iliohypogastric n., Ilioinguinal n., Genitofemoral n., Lateral Cutaneous n. of the thigh., Femoral n., Obturator n., Sciatic n [Sup. & Inf. Gluteal n.] Posterior cutaneous n. of the thigh., Pudendal n.

Front 32

Describe the areas of innervation provided by the lumbosacral plexus

Back 32

Front 33

Muscles arising from the ilium are innervated by what?

Back 33

Femoral nerve.

Front 34

Muscles arising from the ischium are innervated by what?

Back 34

Tibial n.

Front 35

Muscles arising from the pubis are innervated by what?

Back 35

Obturator n.

Front 36

Muscles arising from the posterior femur are innervated by what?

Back 36

Common fibular n.

Front 37

Define Tom, Dick, ANd Harry

Back 37

Tibial posterior m.

Flexor Digitorum longus m.

Posterior Tibial A.

Tibial Nerve

Flexor Hallucis longus m.