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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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“The term feminism suggests a unity that does not exist” –
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Paula Trechler
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Enlightenment – Age of Reason – beginnings of modernism, liberalism
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Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire
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Mary Wollstonecraft - the lone female voice- A Vindication of the Rights of Man.
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First political manifesto to address itself to the condition of women. Principles of Equality and freedom valid for women as well.“I do not wish women to have power over men, but over themselves.”
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First Wave Feminism –
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19th- early 20th century
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Suffrage Movement
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had origins in the Abolition Movement (Sarah and Angelina Grimke, Lucretia Mott)
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Declaration of Human Rights and Sentiments
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1848 – Seneca Falls, NY – Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton – – modeled after Declaration of Independence - the 12th resolution was a demand for women’s suffrage (the vote).
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Sojourner Truth
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“Ain’t I Woman” links race to issues of equality
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14th and 15th Amendments –
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introduced principles of discrimination on the basis of sex into constitution
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American Women’s Suffrage Association (broader platform).
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Susan B. Anthony and Stanton
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National Women’s Suffrage Association (focus on the Vote)
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Lucy Stone
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National Woman’s Party
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Alice Paul
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19th Amendment
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August 26, 1920 – Susan B. Anthony Amendment – women are given the right to vote
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Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
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1923 Alice Paul
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Second Wave Feminism
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1961- 1970s
2 branches of feminism, an older more liberal branch and a younger more radical branch. |
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“The Report of the President’s Commission on the Status of Women
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Dec. 1961- JFK’s Commission on the Status of Women. 1963 Concludes that despite having won the right to vote, women are discriminated at virtually every level.
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The Feminine Mystique
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1963- Betty Friedan writes (the glorification of the housewife role that emerged at the end of WWI and the resultant identity crisis of American housewives)
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Title VII Civil Rights Bill –
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outlaws employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin – formation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
EEOC |
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National Organization for Women
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June 1966- (NOW) formed by Friedan
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1967 NOW Convention-
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ERA, pay equity, maternity leave, child care, education, reproductive freedom.
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Origins of the Radicals (Women’s Liberationists “Libbers”):
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1. Civil Rights Movement (SNCC)
2. Student Movement (SDS) 3. Peace Movement |
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Consciousness Raising” –
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appropriates from Marxist revolutionary technique- bring women together to talk and share thereby awakening them to their own oppression.
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“The Personal is the Political”
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– What women consider personal problems usually has a social cause, and probably has a political solution.
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Marxists-
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women’s oppression originates in capitalism
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Socialists –
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women’s oppression originates in capitalism and patriarchy
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Radicals
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– women’s oppression originates in patriarchy
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Eco-Feminists (Essentialists)-
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women are superior ( more nurturing/ caring) to men because of reproductive capacities
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Conservative Critique from the Right
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Feminism is unpatriotic, ungodly, anti-family, radical lesbians .
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Equal Rights Amendment
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Equality of Rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the US, or by any state on account of sex. Never becomes part of constitution.
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Third Wave
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1980s to the present
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