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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vine species used in viticulture |
60 different species of grape vine |
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Virus vinifera |
Main Eurasian species. Used in winemaking for several thousand years.
Thought to be between 5000 and 10000 varieties of V.Vinifera |
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Vitis Riparia, Vitis rupestris, Vitis berlandieri, |
Rarely for grape production. Native to North America resistant to phylloxera. (Which Attacks the vines roots) Used to provide root systems. Onto which vinifera vines are grafted. |
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Anatomy of vine Shoots |
Are the New yearly growth a vine produces. Along shoot is nodes (bumps) Each node has a flower or leaf. And a tendril Buds form where leaf stems join the shoot.
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Leaves |
Plants engine. Responsible for photosynthesis. The process by which plants use - chlorophyll & energy from sun To convert -water and co2 Into -Oxygen and sugar glucose |
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Glucose 3 main uses |
-Combines small glucose molecules into large carbs. Which are building blocks for other structures.
-energy stored in glucose can be released when the plant needs it for other living processes.
-glucose is concentrated in the fruit to make them attractive to animals which are needed to propagate the seeds. |
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Tendrils |
Unlike trees vines are not able to support themselves so they need to grip a supporting structure. Winds itself tight around the structure to keep shoot upright. |
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Flowers and berries |
Flowers are the vines reproductive organs. Vines flowers are hermaphrodite. (Male and female parts)
Flowers are grouped in bunches called inflorescences.
Each flower successfully pollinated will become a berry. So the inflorescence will become a bunch of grapes that will be harvested at the end of the growing season.
The grape has evolved as a wind-pollinated, animal-dispersed species.
Although the fruits are sweet and brightly coloured the flowers are very small. |
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Buds |
These form in the join between the leaf and the shoot. Once formed they mature inside their casting during the growing season so that by the end of the year they contain in miniature, all structures that will become the shoots leaves flowers and tendrils the following year. |
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Cane |
Long with eight to fifteen buds |
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Spur |
Short, has 2 to 3 buds |
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Permanent wood |
Wood which is more than one year old. |
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Clones and clonal selection |
Identical copies of a varietal can be propagated by cutting or layering.
Cutting is a section taken from a healthy shoot Before it has become woody. This is planted takes root and grows into a new plant
Layering works by bending a cane down and burying a section of it into the ground. Once it has established the linking cane is cut.
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Roots |
Function is to absorb water and nutrients from the soil, anchor the vine, and store carbohydrates to allow vine to survive in the winter.
Modern vineyards most v.vinifera are grafted onto root systems from other species because they cannot resist phylloxera. |
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One year old wood Canes and spurs |
Shoots turn woody after they have grown. The following spring they become one year old wood and the buds that formed on them the following year burst and grow into shoots. Managing one year old wood is vital for the vine grower as the vines will produce fruit on shoots that grow from buds that developed the previous year. Every winter the vine is pruned and the one year old wood will be either called a cane or a spur. |
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Mass selection |
Traditionally propagation was achieved by layering or taking cuttings from a wide range of different plants in the vineyard The viticulturalist would propagate from the plants that they desired. One variety turns into varied.
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Clonal selection |
Popular in 1950's. selecting a single plant with the most favoured characteristics.
Bad because. Priorities of viticulturist may differ from the person using the clones 20-30 years later
Can lead to certain uniformity and dullness. |
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Crossings and hybrids |
Creating a new variety is costly and time consuming. Have to wait 2 to 3 years before new Ones produce any fruit. |
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Crossings |
Who's original parent vine was grown from a seed who's parent plants were both vitis vinifera
Cab sauv Cab franc and sauv blanc
Muller Thurgau Riesling and Madeline royale
Pinotage Pinot noir and cinsault
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Hybrids |
Vine who's parents come from two different species. May or may not include vitis vinifera.
Hybrids rarely used for winemaking. However still used globally for rootstock. |
