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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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vitis vinefera |
This is the main Eurasian species . it produces nearly all the grapes used in wine making they are about 5000 to 10 000 varieties of the vitis vinefera
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vine species used for root stocks and why |
1 - vitis raparia 2 - vitis rupestris 3 - vitis Berlandieri these 3 are north american and are rarely used to produce grapes for wine making , but are resistant the vine pest phylloxera which attacks the root system . |
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The anatomy of the vine |
1 shoots , 2 leaveas 3 tendrils 4 flowers and berries 5 buds 6 one year old wood 7 permanent wood 8 roots |
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Shooots |
are the new growth a vine produces each year along the length are a number of regularly spaced bumps called nodes . at each node they will either be a leaf and a flower or leaf and a tendril . buds form where leaf stems join the shoot |
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Leaves |
known as the plants engine , they are responsible for photosynthesis
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photosynthesis |
*a process that a plant uses chlorophyll and energy (sunlight) to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose (glucose) and oxygen |
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tendrils |
unlike trees vine cannot support themselves so they need to grip on a supporting structure in order to stay up right, tendrils are the structures vines use to stay upright |
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flowers |
the vine's reproductive organs they are hermaphrodite(mean they have both female n male organs) flowers are grouped in bunches called inflorescence each flower that is pollinated will become a berry therefore the inflorescence will become a bunch of grapes the flowers are very small |
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buds |
these form in the join between the leaf and the shoot described as embryonic shoots once formed they mature in their casing during the growing season such that at the end year it contains in miniature all structures that will become vine anatomy the following year |
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one year old wood |
shoots turn woody during winter after they have grown . the following spring they become one year old wood the buds that formed the previous year bust a grow into shoots managing the one year wood is vital for the grower because vines will normally only produce fruit from the shoots that developed the previous year |
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what is a cane |
one year old wood with eight to fifteen buds |
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what is a spur |
one year old wood with two to three buds |
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describe permanent wood |
this wood is more than one year old . in the vine yard the amount of permanent wood is restricted by pruning . the permanent wood is made up of the trunk and the arms of the vine (referred to as cordons ) used to store reserves during winter , these reserves are used to fuel initial shoot growth until leaves can start supplying carbohydrates |
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roots |
absorbs water and nutrients from the soil . anchor the vine . |
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cutting |
a section taken from healthy shoot before it becomes woody ' this is planted it takes root and grows in to a new plant |
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layering |
this is done by bending down a cane and burying it to the ground , once it takes root and has established itself the shoot linking it to the original plant is cut |
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crossing |
a grape variety whose original parent vine was grown from a seed whose parents are both vitis vinifera |
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hybrids |
a vine whose parents are two different species of vitis , which may or may not be the vitis vinifera |
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Phylloxera |
vine pest feeds on vine roots then bacteria and fungi enter through the feeding wounds and infect the root system. the vine is weakened by these infections and becomes less and less productive every year eventually the vine dies |
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grafting |
a technique used to join a hybrid root-stock to a vitis vinifera variety |
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head grafting |
the existing vine is cut back so that only the trunk remains and either a bud or a cutting from the new variety is grafted on to the trunk , if the graft is successful the vine will produce the new fruit the next vintage . this is normally done if a grower with an established vineyard needs to change to another variety from one season to the next. it takes a minimum three years for newly a planted vine to produce a commercial crop |
