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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Environmental Factors
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Sunlight-Photosynthesise sugar from Carbon Dioxide and water.
Warm-Too little or too much and slow or stop photosynthesis. Water-Along with CO2 needed to make sugar. Nutrients-Small amounts needed. |
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Climate
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Weather affects sunlight, water, warmth
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How does Hot Climate affect grapes?
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Higher alcohol, fuller body, more tannin, less acid
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How does Warm Climate affect grapes?
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Lower alcohol, lighter body, less tannin, more acid
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Soil and Slopes
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Affects water through drainage and retention.
Sunlight through aspect. Warmth through heat retention and reflection. Nutrients present in soil. |
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How does Grape Growing factors affect grapes
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Lower yields increase ripeness, sugars, flavor concentration.
Pests and fungus may affect quality and quantity. Harvest in Fall when grapes are ripe. |
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Production Process
White Wine |
Crush, Press, Ferment
15-20 degrees C |
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Production Process
Rose Wine |
Crush, Ferment, Extract a little color, Press
15-20 degrees C |
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Production Process
Red Wine |
Crush, Ferment, Extract color and tannin, Press
25-30 degrees |
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When does fermentation stop
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When all sugar is converted into alcohol. Typically 8% to 15% abv.
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Maturation options
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Oak Barrels-allow oxygen to come in and develop oxidative flavors.Soften tannins.New barrels provide oak flavor.
Stainless steel vats for storage. Innert and air tight. Wine changes very slowly. Glass bottles - Inert and airtight but wine evolves new flavors. |
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Maturation in Oak Barrels
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Oak Barrels allow oxygen to come in and develop oxidative flavors.
Soften tannins. New barrels provide oak flavor. |
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Maturation in Stainless Steel
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Stainless steel vats for storage. Innert and air tight
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Maturation in Glass Bottles
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Glass bottles are inert and airtight but wine evolves new flavors.
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Styles of Wine
Color |
Red
Rose White |
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Styles of Wine
Sweetness |
From unfermented sugar or added sugar
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Styles of Wine
Sparkling |
From dissolved carbon dioxide
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Styles of Wine
Oak |
Flavor imparted from new Oak Barrels or staves/chips in cheaper wines
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Factors affecting price
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Vineyard: land, labor, care taken, yields
Winery: equipment, packaging Distribution: profits and taxes |
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Grapes from Burgundy region
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Chardonnay, Pinot Noir
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Chardonnay Regions - Old World
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Burgundy, Chablis, Puligny-Montrachet, Meursault, Macon, Pouilly-Fuisse
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Chardonnay Regions - New World
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California-Coastal region, Sonoma, Carneros
New Zealand-Marlborough |
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Chardonnay Blends with
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Semillon or Pinot Noir for Champagne
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Pinot Noir Regions - Old World
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Bergundy, Gevrey-Chambertain, Nuits-Saint-Georges, Beaune, Pommard
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Pinot Noir Regions-New World
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NZ: Marlborough, Central Otago
CA: Coastal, Sonoma, Carneros |
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Pinot Noir Blends with:
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Gamay or Chardonnay for Champagne
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Pinot Noir Qualities
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Vegetal
High Acid Low Tanin |
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Cabernet Sauvignon Qualities
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Black fruit
High Acid High Tannin |
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Cabernet Sauvignon Regions - Old World
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Bordeaux, Medoc, Haut Medoc (Pouillac, Margaux), Graves (Pessac-Leognan)
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Cabernet Sauvignon Regions - New World
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Aust: Coonawarra
NZ: Hawkes Bay CA: Napa, Sanoma Chile: Central Valley SA: Stellenbosch |
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Cabernet Sauvignon Blends With:
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Merlot, Shiraz, Malbec, Carmenere
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Bordeaux Grapes
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Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Sauvignon Blanc
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Merlot Qualities
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Red to black fruit
Medium to low acidity Medium tannin |
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Merlot Regions - Old World
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Bordeaux, Saint-Emilion, Pomeral
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Merlot Regions - New World
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AU: Margaret River
NZ: Hawkes Bay CA: Napa Sonoma CH: Central Valley AR: Mendoza SA: Stellenbosch |
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Primary grape variety of Pouilly-Fume
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Sauvignon Blanc
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Primary grape variety of Pouilly-Fuisse
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Sauvignon Blanc
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Sauvignon Blanc Qualities
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White grapes
Pungent vegetal and green fruit High to medium acidity Dry |
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Sauvignon Blanc Regions - Old World
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Sancerre, Pouilly-Fume-Bordeaux Blanc
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Sauvignon Blanc Regions - New World
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NZ: Marlborough
CA: Napa, Fume Blanc SA: Coastal region CH: Casablanca |
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Sauvignon Blanc Blends with
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Semillion
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Riesling Qualities
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Green and citrus fruit
High acidity Dry, medium, or sweet |
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Riesling regions - Classic
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Germany Mosel, Rheingau, Pfalz
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Riesling regions - Premium
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France: Alsace
Austria AU: Claire, Eden Valley NZ: Marlborough |
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Syrah/Shiraz
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Pepper, spice, black fruit
High to medium acidity High tannins |
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Syrah Regions - Classic
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Northern Rhone, Crozes Hermitage, Hermitage, Cote-Rotie
Southern Rhone: Cotes-du-Rhone, Villages, Chateauneuf-du-Pape |
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Syrah regions-Premium
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AU: Moderate-Western AU, West and central Victoria
AU: Hot-Hunter Valley, Barossa, McLaren Vale SA: Stellenbosch CH: Colchagua, San Antonio |
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Grenache Qualities
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Red fruit
Low acidity Low Tannins Used for Rose wines |
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Grenache Regions - Classic
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Southern Rhone: Cotes-du-Rhone, Villages, Chateauneuf-du-Pape
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Grenache Blends With:
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Syrah, Tempranillo
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Syrah Belnds With:
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Grenache, Cabernet Sauv, Viognier
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Cities of Burgundy Region producing Chardonnay
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Chablis
Cote de Beaune Maconnais |
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Cities of Burgundy Region producing Pinot Noir
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Cote de Nuits
Cote de Beaune |
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Cities of Bordeaux region producing Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot
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Medoc
Haute Medoc Pomerol Saint Emilion Graves |
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Cities of Bordeaux Region and Loire producing Savignon Blanc
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Loire: Sancerre, Pouilly-Fume
Bordeaux: Graves, Sauternes |
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City of France and Spain producing Shiraz Grenache
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North/South Rhone
Provence Languedoc-Roussillon Spain: Rioja, Navarra |
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Cities of Germany producing Riesling
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Mosel, Rheingau, Rheinhessen, Pfalz
France: Alsace Austria |
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Define "Cuvee"
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Blend
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Barrel, Barique aged or Barrique fermented
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Wine spent time in an Oak barrel
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Define "Oaked"
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Oak flavors added using chips, staves, or barrels
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Define "Domaine"
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Producer making wines from grapes grown in their own vineyards
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Define "Chateau" (usually in Bordeaux)
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Wine made from a defined piece of land which could have been sold or added to over time
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Key Facts: Bordeaux Red
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Superior
Cru Bourgeois Grand Cru Classe Grand Vin Grapes: Merlot or Cab Sauv |
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Key Facts: Bordeaux White
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Grand Cru Classe
Grapes: Semillion, Sauvignon Blanc |
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Key Facts: Burgundy Red
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Premier Cru
Grand Cru Grape: Pinot Noir |
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Key Facts: Burgundy White
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Premier Cru
Grand Cru Chardonnay (Chablis) |
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Key Facts: Beaujolais
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Nouveau
Grape: Gamay |
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Key Facts: Alsace
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Grand Cru
Grapes: Riesling, Pinot Gris, Gewurztraminer Pinot Blanc |
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Key Facts: Sancerre
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Regions: Sancerre, Pouilly
Fume Grapes: Sauvignon Blanc |
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Key Facts: Loire White
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Regions: Vovray, Saumur
Grape: Chenin Blanc |
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Key Facts: Loire Muscadet
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Muscadet region from Melon de Burgone grape
Puruced "Sur Lie" on the dead yeast |
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Key Facts: Southern Rhone Red
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Regions: Chateaunef du Pape
Cote du Rhone, Villages Grape: Syrah, Grenache, Mourvedre |
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Key Facts: Northern Rhone Red
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Regions: Cote Rotie, Hermitage, Crozes-Hermitage
Grape: Syrah |
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Key Facts: Languedoc-Rousillon Red
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Grenache, Syrah, Local varieties
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Key Facts: Vin de Pays
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Chardonnay
Cab Sauvignon Sauvignon Blanc Syrah |
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Germany Label terms
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QbA Qualitatswein
Pradikatswein: Kabinet, Spatlese, Auslese, Beerenaulese, Trockenbeerenauslese, Eisein |
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German Regions
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Mosel
Rheingau Pfalz Grape: Riesling |
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Italy Label Facts
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Classico, Riserva
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Italy Piedmont (North West)
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Regions: Barolo, Barbaresco
Grape: Nebbiolo Wines: Barbera |
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Italy Veneto and North East
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Region: Vapolicella
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Central Italy, Tuscany
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Chianti
Chianti Classico Chianti Ruffina Sangiovese Grapes Montepulciano Grapes |
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Puglia, Sicily and South
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Regions: Salice, Salentino
Grapes: Negroamaro Wines: Primitivo, Aglianico |
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Italy White Wines
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Regions: Soave, Frascati, Orvieto
Grapes: Trebbiano Wines: Pinot Grigio, Verdicchio, Trebbiano |
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Spain Label Terms
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In order of increasing age:
Vino Joven Crianza Reserva Grand Reserva |
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Spain: Premium Reds
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Regions:Rioja, Ribera del Duero, navarra, Priorat
Grapes: Tempranillo, Garnacha |
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Spain Premium Whites
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Regions: Rioja, Catalunya, Rias Baixas
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Portugal Red
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regions: Duoro, Dao, Alentejo, VR Alentejano
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Portugal White
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Vinho Verde
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South Africa Regions
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Western Cape
Stellenboasch Paarl |
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South Africa Red Grapes
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Pinotage
Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Syrah |
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South Africa White
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Shenin Blanc
Chardonnay Sauvignon Blanc |
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Australia Regions
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New South Wales: Hunter Valley
South AU: Barossa Valley, Eden Valley, Clare, McLaren Vale, Limestone Coast, Coonawarra |
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Australia Red Grapes
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Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon
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Australia White Grapes
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Chardonnay, Semillon, Riesling
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USA Regions
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Coastal, Napa, Sonoma, Carneros
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USA Red Grapes
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Zinfandel, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir
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USA White Grapes
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Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc |
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Chile Regions
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Casablanca, Central Valley (Maipo, Rapel), Colchagua, San Antonio
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Chile Red Grapes
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Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Carmenere, Syrah
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Chile White
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Charddonay
Sauvignon Blanc |
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Argentina Regions and Grapes
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Regions: Medoza, Cafayate
Red: Malbec, Merlot, Cab Sauv White: Torrontes, Chardonnay |
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France Quality Designations
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AOC
Vin de Pays Vin de Table |
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Germany: Quality designations
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Pradikatswein
QbA Landwein Deutscher Tafelwein |
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Italy Quality Designations
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DOCG
DOC IGT Vino de Tavola |
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Spain Quality Designations
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DOC
DO Vino de la Tierra Vino de Mesa |
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Portugal Quality Designations
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DOC
Vinho Regional Vinho de Mesa |
