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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Export
- 60% of production exported
- UK and US main markets
Wine laws
- 1995 appellation system set up
- DO = Denomination of Origin
- 75% of grapes from stated region (85% for EU exports)
- 4 tiers, Regions, subregions, zones and areas (any one of these can be stated on labels)
Chilean Regions North/South
- Elqui
- Limari
- Aconcagua
- Casablanca
- San Antonio
- Maipo
- Cachapoal
- Colchagua
- Curico
- Maule
- Bio Bio
Aconcagua Region
- Casablanca & San Antonio subregions
- Best Chardonnay, Sauv B & PN
- Close to sea, maritime influence of Humbolt current
- Morning fogs slow ripening and allow complex flavour development (like California)
Central Valley Region
- Most important of the 5 regions
- Cooled by Humbolt current and between Andes and coast
- Good for Bordeaux varieties
- 90% of all exports from here
- Main sub regions, Maipo, Rapel, Curico, Maule
Maipo
- Central Valley Region
- Old Cab Sauv vines, high quality
- Warm site valley
- Near Santiago suburbs
Rapel
- Central Valley Region
- 2 subregions: Colchagua for outstanding Cab, Merlot, Carmenere
Cachapoal for Cab Sauv & Carmenere (developing rep)
- Considerable foreign investment
- wines show great promise
Colchagua Valley
- Rapel (Central Valley) subregion
- Outstanding Cab Sauv, Merlot and Carmenere
Cachapoal
- Rapel (Central Valley) subregion
- Developing reputation for Cab Sauv and Carmenere
Rapel sub regions
- Colchagua Valley (best)
- Cachapoal
Curcio
- South Central Valley
- Cooler and wetter due to cloud cover and latitude
- Wide range of varieties
Maule
- Wettest of the four Central Valley regions
- Cabernet Sauvignon is important
- Pais for local market
Southern Region
- Bio Bio and Itata subregions
- Research has lead to new plantings on hills and nearer the sea
- Irrigation unnecessary
- Suitable climate for aromatic whites
- Gewürztraminer and Riesling
-
Coquimbo Region
- Chile's northernmost region
- Important for pisco grapes
- 2 sub regions recently developed for quality wines:
* Elqui Valley - Highest region in Chile up to 2000m. Long cool growing conditions perfect for Cab Sauv and Syrah
* Limari Valley. East/West valley benefits from cooling morning fogs. Low rainfall makes drip irrigation necessary.
Viticulture
- High yields common but not incompatible with high fruit quality
- Low rainfall means snow melt drip irrigation is vital (except in Southern Region).
- Nematode problems from irrigation
- Phylloxera free (but new plantings on grafted rootstock)
Grape varieties
- Cab Sauv
- Merlot
- Carmenere
- Pinot Noir
- Chardonnay
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Carignan
- Malbec
- Syrah
International varieties dominate to satisfy export markets
Carmenere
- Pungent red with velvet tannins
- Very difficult to ripen tannins and avoid herbaceous flavours without very high alcohol levels
- Chile's speciality red
Chilean Cab Sauv and Merlot
- Varietal and blended
- Intense berry fruit and capsicum
Pinot Noir
Showing great promise especially in:
San Antonio
Casablanca (both Aconcagua subregions)
Chardonnay
- Purity of flavour from ripe healthy fruit
- Crisp citrus and apple complemented by toast and caramel from oak treatment
Sauvignon Blanc
- Clean, ripe tropical fruit
- Avoiding extreme herbaceous notes
- New plantings replaced Sauvignonasse variety which was less distinctive and lower quality but sometimes sold as Sauv Blanc
Carignan
- Very old plantings to south of Central Valley
- Can make very high quality, savoury red wines
Malbec
- Recent plantings have been successful
Syrah
- High quality areas include San Antonio
- Ripe black fruits backed up by subtle pepperiness