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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a liqueur?
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A spirit that has been sweetened and flavored.
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What is the base of Grand Marnier?
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Cognac
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What is the base of Drambuie?
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Scotch Whiskey
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What is the difference between a liqueur and a distilled fruit spirit?
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Liqueurs are usually lower in alcohol, are sweeter, and are colored.
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Describe Vodka.
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White, neutral-tasting spirit. Distilled (continuous) and then filtered through charcoal before bottling. Wide range of grains can be used.
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What are the styles of Vodka?
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Eastern (Retain more character of base material), Western (smooth and neutral), Flavored
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What is Gin?
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Almost neutral spirit that has been flavored with botanicals (mostly juniper).
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What are cold-compound Gins?
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Cheapest gins. Flavors added to spirit in form of essential oils. May be quite pungent.
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What are distilled gins?
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Use range of distillation techniques to extract flavors from botanicals.
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What is Aquavit?
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Scandinavian spirit distilled from grain or potatoes and is flavored with herbs and spices.
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Name some spirits flavored from aniseed?
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Anis, ouzo, raki, absinthe (also with wormwood)
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What is Pastis?
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French spirit flavored with herbs, mostly liquorice.
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What is the base material for Tequila?
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Blue agave: at least 51%
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How is Tequila made?
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Blue agave is harvested. Leaves removed. Cooked slowly to convert starch into fermentable sugars. Sweet juice extracted. Other sugars can be added. Fermentation. After distillation, spirit is reduced in strength and may be aged.
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What is mezcal?
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May be made from any species of agave.
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What are the styles of Tequila?
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Plata (silver), Blanco (white), Joven (young)
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What is Joven Abocado?
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Tequila that has caramel added to alter the color and flavor.
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What is Reposado?
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Tequila that requires a minimum of 2 months in oak.
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What is anejo?
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Tequila that is aged in oak for at least one year.
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Describe Rum.
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What is Rum made out of?
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Molasses or sugar cane juice
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What is the relationship between color and aging when it comes to Rum?
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Color is a poor indication of age.
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Describe Cuban Rums.
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Mostly White Rums. Aged in oak to soften alcohol and carbon-filtered to remove color.
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Describe Jamaican Rum.
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Typically can have exotic fruit flavors which can have nutty notes when aged.
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Describe Barbados Rums.
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Typically fruity and elegant.
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Describe Rums from Guyana.
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Known as Demerara Rums. Tropical climate lends itself to rapid aging, giving complex, sweet, spicy flavors.
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Describe Rums from Martinique and Guadeloupe.
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Many are white and full of fresh apple and grass aromas - sugar cane base.
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What is the name for Rum in Brazil?
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Cachaca
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Distinguish Scotch Whiskies from other Whiskies.
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Scotch whiskies are generally the result of blending product of multiple distilleries.
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What are the two types of whisky styles for Scotch Whiskies?
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Malt and grain
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What is the difference between malt and grain whiskies?
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Malt whisky is made with malted barley and is distilled in a pot-still; grain whisky is from maize and is made in a patent still.
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What are the steps of producing Malt Whisky?
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Barley > Conversion of starch into sugar (germination, soaking in water) > Green malt > Growth arrested in kiln > Malt > Ground to form Grist > Stirred to extract sugar > Wort > Sent to fermentation vats > Wash > Distillation in two separate stills > Wash still to make low wines > Redistilled to form "British Plain Spirits" > Heads and tails removed > Maturation in oak for at least 3 years
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What are the major Scotch Whisky regions?
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Highland & Island, Speyside, Islay, Lowland
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What are the characteristics of Highland Scotch Whisky?
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Intensely flavored. Peaty. Floral and honey.
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What are the characteristics of Speyside Scotch Whisky?
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Elegant.
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What are the characteristics of Islay Scotch Whisky?
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Most fully flavored and peatiest. Smoke, seaweed, iodine, tar.
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What are the characteristics of Lowland Scotch Whisky?
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Lightest style. Usually used for blending.
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How is Grain Whisky made?
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Produced in patent still. From imported maize, ground and cooked. Malted barley added to help in converting to sugar. Wort of lower strength than Malt Whisky. Must be aged for at least 3 years.
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What is single whisky?
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Whisky made from one distillery only.
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What are Standard blends?
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30% Malt. 70% Grain.
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What are Deluxe blends?
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Most have age statement. 40% Malt. 60% Grain.
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Describe Irish Whiskey.
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Malt or grain whiskies. Pot or continuous stills. Can be triple distilled.
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What are the types of American Whiskies?
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Bourbon, Rye, Tennessee
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Describe Bourbon.
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Must be 51% maize. Can be made anywhere in US. All color must come from aging. Cannot add sugar. Continuous still.
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Describe Rye.
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Must be made of 51% rye. Continuous still.
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Describe Tennessee Whiskey.
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Must be distilled in Tennessee. Filtered through Lincoln County Process (filtered through maple wood charcoal before aging.
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Describe Canadian Whiskey.
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No restriction as to proportion of grains in mash. Must be distilled in Canada.
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What are two regional Brandies from France?
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Cognac and Armagnac
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Describe Cognac.
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High in acidity. Low in alcohol. Chaptalization forbidden if going to be distilled.
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What grapes are permitted for Cognac?
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Eight varieties with Ugni Blanc (Trebbiano) most common.
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What are the main regions of Cognac?
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Grande Champagne, Petite Champagne, Borderies, Fins Bois, Bons Bios, Bois Ordinaires/Bois Communs.
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What is the best soil for Cognac?
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Chalkier soil
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What is Fine Champagne?
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Blend from the two best areas - Grande and Petite Champagne. At least half must be from Petite Champagne.
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How is Cognac distilled?
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Double-distilled in copper pot still. For second distillation, brouillis from three batches of first distillation are combined and redistilled. Head and tails removed.
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How is Cognac matured?
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Aged in casks for a minimum of two years. Before shipping final blending and spirit broken down with distilled water. May add caramel is add color.
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What is the aging requirement for *** or VS Cognac?
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2 years
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What is the aging requirement for VSOP Cognac?
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4 years
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What is the aging requirement for XO Cognac?
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6 years
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What are comptes?
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Certificates of age for Cognac based on time spent in oak.
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Describe comptes.
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Comes off still as compte 00. Remains until distilling season finishes on 31 March and then becomes compte 0 … and so on. Maximum of compte 6, when can be sold as XO.
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Describe the climate of Armagnac.
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Further inland than Cognac so no maritime influence. Drier climate and warmer summers.
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What are the districts of Armagnac?
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Bas Armagnac, Tenareze, Haut Armagnac
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Describe Bas Armagnac.
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Rich topsoil covering subsoil of sand and clay. Low in alcohol and high in acidity. Best spirit.
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Describe Tenareze,
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Mixture of rich topsoil and chalk. Fuller flavor.
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Describe Haut Armagnac.
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Chalky soil but gives poorest wines for distillation. Sold generally as Vin de Pays des Cote de Gascogne.
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What grapes are permitted for Armagnac?
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Ten different varieties. Ugni Blanc is ideal. Folle Blanche and Baco also used.
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How is Armagnac distilled?
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Single distillation in still similar to patent still.
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How is Armagnac matured?
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Matured in oak. Color can be adjusted by adding caramel.
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Describe the characteristics of Cognac vs. Armagnac.
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Cognacs: floral, grapey, fragrant, and retain alcohol "bite". Armagnacs: fuller bodied, rounder, more pruney, dried fruit character
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What is the aging requirement for *** Armagnac?
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1 year
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What is the aging requirement for VSOP Armagnac?
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4 years
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What is the aging requirement for XO Armagnac?
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5 years
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What is the aging requirement for Hors d'Age Armagnac?
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10 years
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Describe Vintage Armagnac.
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Individual casks of Armagnac from a single distillation. Must be at least 10 years old.
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What is Blanche Armagnac?
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Colorless, fruity, unaged Armagnac.
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Describe French Brandy.
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Raw material does not need to come from France and is distilled in a patent still.
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What is Pisco?
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South American grape spirit (usually from Muscat wines).
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What is Grappa?
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Italian spirit distilled from pomace left after pressing grapes (single grape variety).
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What is Marc?
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French spirit distilled from pomace.
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What is Calvados?
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Apple spirit coming from Normandy and Brittany. Best from Pays d'Auge. Distilled twice in copper pot stills and aged for at least 2 years.
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What is Fruit Eaux-de-Vie?
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Result from distillation of fermented fruit or fruit macerated in spirit and redistilled. Served very cold.
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