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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the geography of Chile.
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Country long and thin. Atacama Desert in north. Ice fields of Patagoina to south - between Andes Mountains and Pacific Ocean. Humboldt Current cools area.
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What is the weather like in Chile?
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Rainfall restricted to winter months. Temperate climate. Sharp day-night temperature variation making ripening season longer.
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What red grape varieties are common in Chile?
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Pais, Cabernet Sauvignon (most planted), Merlot, Carmenere. Some Syrah, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Franc, Malbec, Petit Verdot, and Mourvedre
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What white grape varieties are common in Chile?
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Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Muscat of Alexandria (for Pisco). Also some Viognier, Riesling, Gewurztraminer
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How are wines classified in Chile?
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By DO. Regions named after valleys and rivers that flow from Andres to the coast.
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Name the major DO's of Chile.
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Elqui Valley, Limari Valley, Choapa Valley, Aconcagua Valley, Casablanca Valley, San Antonio Valley (Leyda), Maipo Valley, Rape Valley (Cachpoal, Colchagua), Curico Valley, Maule Valley, Itata Valley, Bio Bio & Malleco.
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Describe Elqui Valley.
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Chile. Arid area with cool air and fog. Mainly for pisco but some Sauvignon Blanc, Carmenere, and Syrah.
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Describe Limari Valley.
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Chile. Calcium deposits in soil. Chardonnay, Syrah, and Sauvignon Blanc.
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Describe Choapa Valley.
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Chile. Rocky soils. Good acidity. Syrah and Cabernet.
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Describe Aconcagua Valley.
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Chile. Eastern half has reds; cooler areas closer to sea have whites.
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Describe Casablanca Valley.
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Chile. Near coast. Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir.
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Describe San Antonio Valley.
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Chile. With Ledya. Newer area closest to the Pacific. Water resources scarce. Cool morning fogs and hillside vineyards. Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Noir, Riesling.
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Describe Maipo Valley.
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Chile. Cabernet Sauvignon.
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Describe Rapel Valley.
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Chile. Covers valleys of Cachapoal and Colchagua. Warm, fruity reds. Carmenere and Merlot.
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Describe Curico Valley.
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Chile. Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc for less expensive wines.
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Describe Maule Valley.
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Chile's largest wine region.
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Describe Itata Valley.
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Chile. Old-fashioned varieties such as Pais. Bulk of wine for domestic production.
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Describe Bio Bio and Malleco.
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Cooler with more rainfall and high winds. Crisp, fruity Pinot Noir and mineral-laden Riesling and Chardonnay.
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What is the climate of Argentina and how does it relate to viticulture?
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Most vineyards are high in altitude (except for Rio Negro and Neuquen). Historically planted in pergola system. Now using cordon training. Rain shadow of Andes makes rainfall low. Flood irrigation mostly. Dry climate means few problems with rot.
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Describe winemaking in Argentina.
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High-yielding vineyads, low labor cost, dry summers - can select healthy fruit at low cost. Up-to-date equipment. Widespread use of oak barriques.
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What are the main varieties of Argentina?
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Malbec, Torrontes, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Chardonnay, Viognier, Barbera, Bonarda, Sangiovese, Tempranillo. Also some traditional varieties such as Criolla and Cereza.
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What are the main regions of Argentina?
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Mendoza, San Juan, Salta, Rio Negro & Neuquen.
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Describe Mendoza.
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More than 75% of the wine produced in Argentina. Largest producer in the world. Desert conditions. Protected from rain by Andes and Pampas. Snow-melt water and high altitude. Altitude has moderating effects on temperature and increased sunlight intensity.
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Describe San Juan.
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Argentina. Three valleys. Hotter and more arid than Mendoza. Shiraz, Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tannat. Viognier, Pinot Grigio, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc.
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Describe Salta.
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Argentina. Highest commercial vineyards. Intense color and aromatics, with natural acidity. Torrontes, Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tannat, Sauvignon Blanc, and Chardonnay.
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Describe Rio Negro & Neuquen.
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Argentina. Pinot Noir and Malbec; Neuquen makes high quality sparkling wine.
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What is the climate of Uruguay?
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Maritime climate. High humidity, fertile soil. Rainfall mostly at harvest time. Downy mildew and grey rot are problems.
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What grapes and styles are mainly found in Uruguay?
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Mostly Tannat. Wide range of styles. Fortified reds and sweet roses. Dry versions - best has elegant but powerful Bordeaux-like style (Merlot may be used to soften tannins).
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What are the red grapes of Uruguay?
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70% red. Tannat, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah.
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What are the white grapes of Uruguay?
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Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay.
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