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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Wine Laws
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*DO (Denominacion Origen) was 1994 established, similar to other New World systems, and are only based on geographical indication
- Four principal regions: *Coquimbo, *Aconcagua, *Central Valley and *Southern Regions and this is divided into thirteen best known sub-regions - DO requirement - 75% of grape must come from DO that’s on label, but most producers work with 85% as well as vintage and varietally . - To indicate producers portfolio wine quality there also terms as Reserva, Reserva Especial, Reserva Privada and Gran Reserva, requirement for some of this terms on label is the that the wine must be aged minimum six months in oak barrel for reds. |
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Climate and Geography
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- Warm Mediterranean climate, forward on south is cooler climate
- 900 km north to south but 100 km east (Andes) to west (Pacific) - Coquimbo and *Aconcagua is north of Santiago on south are *Central Valley and *Southern Regions - Rainfalls increase during the El Nino years - Fog from rivers and Pacific is usual - West to East climates zones are Costa, Entre Cordilleras and Andes |
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Black Grape Varieties
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*Pais - dominate planting variety of local interest.
*CabS - account half of black grapes production - from simple and fruity to full bodied wines, usualy blended with Merlot, Syrah or Carmenere *Merlot - inexpensive, medium bodied and fruity driven *Carmenere - Bordeaux variety abandoned after Phyloxera, when arrived in Chile was mixed in with cuttings of Merlot - late ripening, rquire warm and sunny sites - have overtly herbacious aromas when is unripe, good samples have Black fruit character with herbacious and red pepper flavours. *Syrah - premium quality wines from Elqui Valley *Pinot Noir - showing good results in coolest regions such as San Antonio Valley |
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White Grape Varieties
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- dominate three varieties, Leading Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay following by Muscat of Alexandria which is most used for production of destilat Pisco
- Sauvignon Blanc, coastal area, fruity and herbaeious - Chardonnay , fruity and oaky, modren style, Limari Valley where also can found Viognier, Riesling and Gewurztraminer. |
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Viticulture and Vinification
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- sunny growing season ensure well ripening and decrease possibility of fungal disease, which enable organic viticulture
- Free of Phylloxera, but comon is guard from nematodes |
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Coquimbo Region
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- there are three main sub-regions developed in 1990s
*Elqui - Sauvignon Blanc and Syrah, mmore inland *Limari - Chardonnay, high altitude *Choapa - bigest chalenge there is lack of wather (anual rainfal 80mm), irrigation is esencial |
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Aconcagua Region
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- Lies between Coquimbo on north and sorounding area of Santiago
- divided into three sub-regions *Aconcagua - steep sided narow valley, oldest area uder vineyards. Red wine subregion, in Past CabS was predominant, now Syrah take its place, importand for Carmenere too. *Casablanca and *San Antonio - have common influence from Pacific, fog, cooling winds, is a suitable for white grape varieties and finest Sauvignon Blanc come from San Antonio and Chardonay from *Leyda Zone., Pinot Noir also find his place here. |
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Central Valley Region
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- runs south of Santiago to the sub-region of Itata
- source of Chilean value for money wines - divided in four sub-regions *Maipo - heartland of Chilean wine industry, more premium sites is located on foothills of Andes. CabS with minthy character is dominant variety here *Rapel - is divided on two zones *Cachapoal - northern part of sub-region, warm and away from ocean breezes. CabS, Syrah and Carmenere grow here *Colchagua, more varied climate than Cachapoal, influence from Pacific. Well knowing for full bodied reds Carmenere, Cab. Sauv. Syrah *Curico and *Maule, common fertile soil, warmth, abundant supply of water, make these regions important source for inexpencive blended wines. - premium sites are located on westhern Maule slopes with Priorat-like soil and climate |
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Southern Region
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- noticeable cooler climate
- anual rainfall 1000mm, fungal disease is more wide spread here - divided to three sub-regions *Itata - Pais and Muscat of Alexandria *Bio Bio - Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and other aromatic whites *Malleco - smallest sub region od the edge of South. Pinot Noir and Chardonnay are planted there. - attracting interest from premium producers even out of DO zones on south. |
