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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Approximately how many hours minimum of sun do grapes need to achieve optimal ripeness?
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1500
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Generally, what color grape--red or white--needs more sun to achieve optimal ripeness?
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Red
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On average, how many mm of rain does a vine need per year?
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700 mm
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Between which degrees latitude do the great majority of vineyards north and south of the equator?
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30 degrees to 50 degrees latitude.
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Why do the majority of vineyards lie between 30 and 50 degrees latitude?
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Tend to have the best balance of rainfall, warmth, sunshine.
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Define climate.
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Climate is what weather is expected in a typical year.
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List factors that affect climate.
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Bodies of water, topography, currents, atmospheric pressure, winds, humidity, temperature.
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What characteristics define a Maritime Climate.
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Close to body of water, warm summers, mild winters.
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What differentiates a Maritime Climate from a Mediterranean Climate?
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Most of the rainfall occurs in the winter.
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List some Mediterranean Climate growing regions.
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California, Chile, South Africa, South and Southwest Australia, the shores of the Mediterranean.
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Name 3 Cold Currents and the region they influence.
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Alaska Current: western USA; Humboldt Current: Chile; Benguela Current: South Africa
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What effect does the Gulf Stream on Western Europe?
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Warming
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What effect do rivers have on cold weather?
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Rivers keep the air moving, preventing frost.
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What happens when warm air and cold bodies of water meet?
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Mist may form, which encourages noble rot. Think Sauternes and Tokaji.
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What effect do the Vosges mountains have on Alsatian vineyards?
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Protect vineyards from excessive rainfall from the west.
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Why are some vineyards planted on mountains in hot regions?
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The elevation can be cooler than the typically hot temperature of the region.
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From coolest to warmest, name the 7 European Union Wine Growing Zones.
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Zone A, B, CIa, CIb, CII, CIIIa, CIIIb
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In Zone A of the Euro Wine Zones, what is the greatest amount of alcohol that can be added in poor vintages? What else can be done?
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Up to 4.5%. De-acidification.
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How can wines be altered in Zone CIIIb in the Euro Wine Zone in bad vintages?
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Tartaric Acid may be added.
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What is "site climate?"
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The climate specific to a vineyard, or even part of a vineyard.
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How do vineyard specialists use the phrase micro-climate?
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The climate within the vine leaf canopy.
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How can the micro-climate of a vineyard be affected by a vinegrower?
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Canopy management.
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What is the danger of a winter frost?
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May damage grafts and lead to death of the vine.
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What is the danger of a spring frost?
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May kill the buds.
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What are the 3 main forms of protection against frost?
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Smudge pots, wind machines, sprinklers.
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Name 3 types of irrigation.
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Flood irrigation, drip irrigation, sprinklers.
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What threat is rain around harvest time?
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Diluted sugars and flavors. Rot.
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What is a protective measure against hail?
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Protective netting.
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What is coulure?
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A non-fertilised flower that is shed. (Floral abortion).
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What is millerandage?
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Small, seedless grapes that form when pollination has been unsatisfactory.
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What is the primary cause of millerandage?
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Cold, rainy weather during the crucial pollination time.
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